Three-Dimensional Disk-Satellite Interaction: Torques, Migration, and Observational Signatures

Understand

The interaction of a satellite with a gaseous disk results in the excitation of spiral density waves which remove angular momentum from the orbit.

• In addition, if the orbit is not coplanar with the disk, three-dimensional effects will excite bending and eccentricity waves.
• We perform three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations to study nonlinear disk-satellite interaction in inviscid protoplanetary disks for a variety of orbital inclinations from $0^\circ$ to $180^\circ$.
• It is well known that three-dimensional effects are important even for zero inclination.