Viewing short Gamma-ray Bursts from a different angle

Understand

The recent coincident detection of gravitational waves (GW) from a binary neutron star merger with aLIGO/Virgo and short-lived gamma-ray emission with Fermi/GBM (called GW 170817) is a milestone for the establishment of multi-messenger astronomy.

• Merging neutron stars (NS) represent the standard scenario for short-duration (< 2 sec) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) which are produced in a collimated, relativistically expanding jet with an opening angle of a few degrees and a bulk Lorentz factor of 300-1000.
• While the present aLIGO detection is consistent with predictions, the measured faint gamma-ray emission from GW 170817A, if associated to the merger event at a distance of 40 Mpc, is about 1000x less luminous than known short-duration GRBs (sGRBs).
• Hence, the presence of this sGRB in the local Universe is either a very rare event, or points to a dramatic ignorance of the emission properties of sGRBs outside their narrow jets.