Thermodynamics with Pressure and Volume under Charged Particle Absorption

Understand

We investigate the variation of the charged anti-de Sitter black hole under charged particle absorption by considering thermodynamic volume.

• The variation exactly corresponds to that expected as the first law of thermodynamics.
• Nevertheless, we find the decrease of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy for extremal and near-extremal black holes under the absorption to be an irreversible process.
• This violation of the second law of thermodynamics is only found in the case considering thermodynamic volume.