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The existence of localized, approximately stationary, lumps of the classical gravitational and electromagnetic field -- $geons$ -- was conjectured more than half a century ago.
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1943
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A. Lichnerowicz, “ Sur le caractère euclidien d’espaces-temps extérieurs statistiques partout réguliers
1946
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J. A. Wheeler, “ Geons
1955
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F. J. Ernst, “ Linear and toroidal geons
1957
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D. R. Brill and J. A. Wheeler, “ Interaction of neutrinos and gravitational fields
1957
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R.H. Hobart, “ On the Instability of a class of unitary field models
1963
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M. A. Melvin, “ Pure magnetic and electric geons
1964
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D. R. Brill and J. B. Hartle, “ Method of the self-consistent field in general relativity and its application to the gravitational geon
1964
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1964
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D. J. Kaup, “ Klein-Gordon geon
1968
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1969
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M. Soler, “ Classical, stable, nonlinear spinor field with positive rest energy
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S. R. Coleman, “ Q Balls
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M. Gleiser and R. Watkins, “ Gravitational stability of scalar matter
1989
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1989
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1991
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M. Heusler, “ No hair theorems and black holes with hair
1996
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P. R. Anderson and D. R. Brill, “ Gravitational geons revisited
1997
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S. Yoshida and Y. Eriguchi, “ Rotating boson stars in general relativity
1997
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2014
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C. A. R. Herdeiro and E. Radu, “ Kerr black holes with scalar hair
2014
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Y. Brihaye, C. Herdeiro and E. Radu, “ Myers-Perry black holes with scalar hair and a mass gap
2014
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C. Herdeiro and E. Radu, “ Construction and physical properties of Kerr black holes with scalar hair
2015
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S. R. Dolan and D. Dempsey, “ Bound states of the Dirac equation on Kerr spacetime
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1998
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G. P. Perry and F. I. Cooperstock, “ Stability of gravitational and electromagnetic geons
1999
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F. Finster, J. Smoller and S. T. Yau, “ Particle-like solutions of the Einstein-Dirac equations
1999
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F. E. Schunck and E. W. Mielke, “ General relativistic boson stars
2003
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A. Arvanitaki, S. Dimopoulos, S. Dubovsky, N. Kaloper and J. March-Russell, “ String Axiverse
2010
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“ The Role of Gravitation in Physics”,
2011
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2015
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2015
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2015
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A. Y. Loginov, “ Nontopological solitons in the model of the self-interacting complex vector field
2015
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2016
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C. Herdeiro, E. Radu and H. Runarsson, “ Kerr black holes with Proca hair
2016
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G. J. Olmo and D. Rubiera-Garcia, “ Geons in Palatini Theories of Gravity
2017
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