Four-dimensional CDT with toroidal topology

Understand

3+1 dimensional Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) describe a quantum theory of fluctuating geometries without the introduction of a background geometry.

• If the topology of space is constrained to be that of a three-dimensional torus we show that the system will fluctuate around a dynamically formed background geometry which can be understood from a simple minisuperspace action which contains both a classical part and a quantum part.
• We determine this action by integrating out degrees of freedom in the full model, as well as by transfer matrix methods.