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The history of the dark matter problem can be traced back to at least the 1930s, but it was not until the early 1970s that the issue of 'missing matter' was widely recognized as problematic.
First Attempt at a Theory of the Arrangement and Motion of the Sidereal System
Kapteyn, J. C · 1922
Earlier work this paper cites.
The Motions of Stars in a Kapteyn-Universe
Jeans, J. H · 1922
Earlier work this paper cites.
Observational evidence confirming Lindblad’s hypothesis of a rotation of the galactic system
Oort, J. H · 1927
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On the State of Motion in the Galactic System
Lindblad, B · 1927
Earlier work this paper cites.
Die Rotverschiebung von extragalaktischen Nebeln
Zwicky, F · 1933
Earlier work this paper cites.
The mass of the Virgo cluster
Smith, S · 1936
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A Study of Double and Multiple Galaxies Together with Inquiries into some General Metagalactic Problems
Holmberg, E · 1937
Earlier work this paper cites.
The Rotation of the Andromeda Nebula
Babcock, H. W · 1939
Earlier work this paper cites.
The Rotation of the Spiral Nebula Messier 33
Mayall, N. & Aller, L · 1942
Earlier work this paper cites.
Observation of a line in the galactic radio spectrum
Ewen, H. I. & Purcell, E. M · 1951
Earlier work this paper cites.
The Interstellar Hydrogen Line at 1,420 Mc./sec, and an Estimate of Galactic Rotation
Muller, C. A. & Oort, J. H · 1951
Earlier work this paper cites.
Observation of a Line in the Galactic Radio Spectrum: The Interstellar Hydrogen Line at 1,420 Mc./sec., and an Estimate of Galactic Rotation
Pawsey, J. L · 1951
Earlier work this paper cites.
The distribution of extragalactic nebulae
Shane, C. D. & Wirtanen, C. A · 1954
Earlier work this paper cites.
The National Geographic Society-Palomar Observatory Sky Survey
Abell, G. O · 1954
Earlier work this paper cites.
Mass distribution and mass-luminosity ratio in galaxies
Schwarzschild, M · 1954
Earlier work this paper cites.
Statistics of Clusters of Galaxies
Zwicky, F · 1956
Earlier work this paper cites.
The Distribution of Rich Clusters of Galaxies
Abell, G. O · 1958
Earlier work this paper cites.
On the Evolution of Galaxies
Ambartsumian, V. A · 1958
Earlier work this paper cites.
Intergalactic Matter and the Galaxy
Kahn, F. D. & Woltjer, L · 1959
Earlier work this paper cites.
Masses of the double galaxies
Page, T · 1959
Earlier work this paper cites.
The Hercules Clusters of Nebulae
Burbidge, G. R. & Burbidge, E. M · 1959
Earlier work this paper cites.
On the Distribution Of Mass in Galaxies. I. The Large-Scale Structure of Ordinary Spirals with Applications to M 31
Brandt, J. C · 1960
Earlier work this paper cites.
The Stability of Clusters of Galaxies
van den Bergh, S · 1961
Earlier work this paper cites.
Conference on the Instability of Systems of Galaxies (Santa Barbara, California, August 10-12, 1961): Foreword
Neyman, J., Page, T. & Scott, E · 1961
Earlier work this paper cites.
Average Masses of the Double Galaxies
Page, T · 1961
Earlier work this paper cites.
Evidence regarding second-order clustering of galaxies and interactions between clusters of galaxies
Abell, G. O · 1961
Earlier work this paper cites.
Multiple Systems, Clusters, Radiogalaxies: Summary
Burbidge, G. R · 1962
Earlier work this paper cites.
On the validity of Newton’s law at a long distance
Finzi, A · 1963
Earlier work this paper cites.
On the Distribution of Matter Within Highly Flattened Galaxies
Toomre, A · 1963
Earlier work this paper cites.
3C 273 : A Star-Like Object with Large Red-Shift
Schmidt, M · 1963
Earlier work this paper cites.
Conjectures and Refutations (Routledge, London, 1963)
Popper, K · 1963
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ground-based Astronomy: A Ten-year Program (National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 1964)
National Research Council · 1964
Earlier work this paper cites.
Recent Discoveries in radio astronomy
Roberts, M. S · 1965
Earlier work this paper cites.
After-Dinner Speech
Gold, T · 1965
Earlier work this paper cites.
The virial mass-luminosity ratio and the instability of different galactic systems
Karachentsev, I. D · 1966
Cited alongside, same era.
On the Stabilization of Clusters of Galaxies by Ionized Gas
Woolf, N. J · 1967
Cited alongside, same era.
Relativistic cosmology
Rindler, W · 1967
Cited alongside, same era.
Upper Limit on the Mean Mass Density due to Galaxies
Peebles, P. J. E. & Partridge, R. B · 1967
Cited alongside, same era.
The Evolution of Galaxies
Reddish, V. C · 1968
Cited alongside, same era.
Evolution of the Stars and Gas in Galaxies
Tinsley, B. M · 1968
Cited alongside, same era.
Observation of a Rapidly Pulsating Radio Source
Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 1970’s: Volume 2: Report of the Panels (National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 1973)
National Research Council · 1973
Later among the works it cites.
Gravitation (W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, CA, 1973)
Misner, C. W., Thorne, K. S. & Wheeler, J. A · 1973
Later among the works it cites.
The large-scale structure of space-time. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1973)
Hawking, S. W. & Ellis, G. F. R · 1973
Later among the works it cites.
A Numerical Study of the Stability of Flattened Galaxies: or, can Cold Galaxies Survive?
Ostriker, J. P. & Peebles, P. J. E · 1973
Later among the works it cites.
The size and mass of galaxies, and the mass of the universe
Ostriker, J. P., Peebles, P. J. E. & Yahil, A · 1974
Later among the works it cites.
Dynamic evidence on massive coronas of galaxies
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Hewish, A., Bell, S. J., Pilkington, J. D. H., Scott, P. F. & Collins, R. a · 1968
Cited alongside, same era.
The Case of the Missing Mass
Burbidge, G. R. & Sargent, W. L. W · 1969
Cited alongside, same era.
A Reduction of the Mass Deficit in Clusters of Galaxies by Means of a Negative Cosmological Constant
Forman, W. R · 1970
Cited alongside, same era.
The dynamics of clusters of galaxies in universes with non-zero cosmological constant, and the virial theorem mass discrepancy
Jackson, J. C · 1970
Cited alongside, same era.
On the Disks of Spiral and S0 Galaxies
Freeman, K. C · 1970
Cited alongside, same era.
Rotation of the Andromeda Nebula from a Spectroscopic Survey of Emission Regions
Rubin, V. C. & Ford, J., W. Kent · 1970
Cited alongside, same era.
Einasto, J., Kaasik, A. & Saar, E · 1974
Later among the works it cites.
An Unbound Universe
Gott, J. R., I., Gunn, J. E., Schramm, D. N. & Tinsley, B. M · 1974
Later among the works it cites.
Clusters of Galaxies
Abell, G. O · 1975
Later among the works it cites.
Nearby Groups of Galaxies
de Vaucouleurs, G · 1975
Later among the works it cites.
Rotation-curves of galaxies from 21 cm-line observations
Huchtmeier, W · 1975
Later among the works it cites.
M/L Ratios in Galactic Disks
Baldwin, J. E · 1975
Later among the works it cites.
Radio Observations of Neutral Hydrogen in Galaxies
Roberts, M. S · 1975
Later among the works it cites.
Masses and Mass-To-Light Ratios of Galaxies
Faber, S. M. & Gallagher, J. S · 1979
Later among the works it cites.
Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 1980’s, Volume 2: Reports of the Panels (National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 1983)
National Research Council · 1983
Later among the works it cites.
The Evolution of Galaxies in Clusters
Dressler, A · 1984
Later among the works it cites.
Existence and Nature of Dark Matter in the Universe
Trimble, V · 1987
Later among the works it cites.
H_0: The Incredible Shrinking Constant, 1925-1975
Trimble, V · 1996
Later among the works it cites.
Cold War requisitions, scientific manpower, and the production of American physicists after World War II
Kaiser, D · 2002
Later among the works it cites.
COI Stories: Explanation and Evidence in the History of Science
Janssen, M · 2002
Later among the works it cites.
Conceptions of cosmos: from myths to the accelerating universe: a history of cosmology (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006)
Kragh, H. S · 2006
Later among the works it cites.
The Curious History of Relativity: How Einstein’s Theory of Gravity Was Lost and Found Again (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2006)
Eisenstaedt, J · 2006
Later among the works it cites.
Whose Mass is it Anyway? Particle Cosmology and the Objects of Theory
Kaiser, D · 2006
Later among the works it cites.
Beyond the Galaxy: The Development of Extragalactic Astronomy 1885-1965, Part 1
Smith, R. W · 2008
Later among the works it cites.
Beyond the Galaxy: The Development of Extragalactic Astronomy 1885-1965, Part 2
Smith, R. W · 2009
Later among the works it cites.
Particle Dark Matter: Observations, Models and Searches (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010)
Bertone, G · 2010
Later among the works it cites.
The Dark Matter Problem: A Historical Perspective (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010)
Sanders, R. H · 2010
Later among the works it cites.
Einstein’s Unification (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010)
van Dongen, J · 2010
Later among the works it cites.
History of Dark Matter in Galaxies
Trimble, V · 2013
Later among the works it cites.
Dark Matter and Cosmic Web Story (World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, 2014)
Einasto, J · 2014
Later among the works it cites.
Scientific method: Defend the integrity of physics
Ellis, G. & Silk, J · 2014
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Dark Matter
Riess, A · 2015
Later among the works it cites.
The Reinvention of General Relativity : A Historiographical Framework for Assessing One Hundred Years of Curved Space-time
Blum, A., Lalli, R. & Renn, J · 2015
Later among the works it cites.
A History of Dark Matter
Bertone, G. & Hooper, D · 2016
Later among the works it cites.