Planck intermediate results. LII. Planet flux densities

Understand

Measurements of flux density are described for five planets, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, across the six Planck High Frequency Instrument frequency bands (100-857 GHz) and these are then compared with models and existing data.

• In our analysis, we have also included estimates of the brightness of Jupiter and Saturn at the three frequencies of the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (30, 44, and 70 GHz).
• The results provide constraints on the intrinsic brightness and the brightness time-variability of these planets.
• The majority of the planet flux density estimates are limited by systematic errors, but still yield better than 1% measurements in many cases.