Primordial black holes from supersymmetry in the early universe

Understand

Supersymmetric extensions of the standard model generically predict that in the early universe a scalar condensate can form and fragment into Q-balls before decaying.

• If the Q-balls dominate the energy density for some period of time, the relatively large fluctuations in their number density can lead to formation of primordial black holes (PBH).
• Other scalar fields, unrelated to supersymmetry, can play a similar role.
• For a general charged scalar field, this robust mechanism can generate black holes over the entire mass range allowed by observational constraints, with a sufficient abundance to account for all dark matter in some parameter ranges.