Qualification Tests of the R11410-21 Photomultiplier Tubes for the XENON1T Detector

Understand

The Hamamatsu R11410-21 photomultiplier tube is the photodetector of choice for the XENON1T dual-phase time projection chamber.

• The device has been optimized for a very low intrinsic radioactivity, a high quantum efficiency and a high sensitivity to single photon detection.
• A total of 248 tubes are currently operated in XENON1T, selected out of 321 tested units.
• In this article the procedures implemented to evaluate the large number of tubes prior to their installation in XENON1T are described.