Probing axions with the neutrino signal from the next galactic supernova

Understand

We study the impact of axion emission in simulations of massive star explosions, as an additional source of energy loss complementary to the standard neutrino emission.

• The inclusion of this channel shortens the cooling time of the nascent protoneutron star and hence the duration of the neutrino signal.
• We treat the axion-matter coupling strength as a free parameter to study its impact on the protoneutron star evolution as well as on the neutrino signal.
• We furthermore analyze the observability of the enhanced cooling in current and next-generation underground neutrino detectors, showing that values of the axion mass $m_a \gtrsim 8 \times 10^{-3}$ eV can be probed.