Beasts in Lambda-CDM Zoo

Understand

Recent astronomical discoveries of supermassive black holes (quasars), gamma-bursters, supernovae, and dust at high redshifts, z = (5 --10), are reviewed.

• Such a dense population of the early universe is at odds with the conventional mechanisms of its possible origin.
• Similar data from the contemporary universe, which are also in conflict with natural expectations, are considered too.
• Two possible mechanisms are suggested, at least one of which can potentially solve all these problems.