Cigar-shaped quarkonia under strong magnetic field

Understand

Heavy quarkonia in a homogeneous magnetic field are analyzed by using a potential model with constituent quarks.

• To obtain anisotropic wave functions and corresponding eigenvalues, the cylindrical Gaussian expansion method is applied, where the anisotropic wave functions are expanded by a Gaussian basis in the cylindrical coordinates.
• Deformation of the wave functions and the mass shifts of the $S$-wave heavy quarkonia ($\eta_c$, $J/\psi$, $\eta_c(2S)$, $\psi(2S)$ and bottomonia) are examined for the wide range of external magnetic field.
• The spatial structure of the wave functions changes drastically as adjacent energy levels cross each other.