Strong gravitational lensing constraints on holographic dark energy

Understand

Strong gravitational lensing (SGL) has provided an important tool for probing galaxies and cosmology.

• In this paper, we use the SGL data to constrain the holographic dark energy model, as well as models that have the same parameter number, such as the $w$CDM and Ricci dark energy models.
• We find that only using SGL is difficult to effectively constrain the model parameters.
• However, when the SGL data are combined with CBS (CMB+BAO+SN) data, the reasonable estimations can be given and the constraint precision is improved to a certain extent, relative to the case of CBS only.