Comparison of cosmological models using standard rulers and candles

Understand

In this paper, we used standard rulers and standard candles (separately and jointly) to explore five popular dark energy models under assumption of spatial flatness of the Universe.

• As standard rulers, we used a data set comprising 118 galactic-scale strong lensing systems (individual standard rulers if properly calibrated for the mass density profile) combined with BAO diagnostics (statistical standard ruler).
• Supernovae Ia served asstandard candles.
• Unlike in the most of previous statistical studies involving strong lensing systems, we relaxed the assumption of singular isothermal sphere (SIS) in favor of its generalization: the power-law mass density profile.