Built on

The NNPDF
Original
1958
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. J. Brodsky, P. Hoyer, C. Peterson, and N. Sakai, The Intrinsic Charm of the Proton
1980
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Hoffmann and R. Moore, Subleading Contributions to the Intrinsic Charm of the Nucleon
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Aivazis, J. C. Collins, F. I. Olness, and W.-K. Tung, Leptoproduction of heavy quarks. 2. A Unified QCD formulation of charged and neutral current processes from fixed target to collider energies
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Cacciari, M. Greco, and P. Nason, The p(T) spectrum in heavy-flavour hadroproduction
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. C. Collins, Hard scattering factorization with heavy quarks: A General treatment
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. S. Thorne and R. G. Roberts, An Ordered analysis of heavy flavor production in deep inelastic scattering
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. S. Thorne and R. G. Roberts, A Practical procedure for evolving heavy flavor structure functions
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Kretzer and I. Schienbein, Heavy quark initiated contributions to deep inelastic structure functions
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Buza, Y. Matiounine, J. Smith, and W. L. van Neerven, Charm electroproduction viewed in the variable-flavour number scheme versus fixed-order perturbation theory
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Kramer, F. I. Olness, and D. E. Soper, Treatment of heavy quarks in deeply inelastic scattering
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.

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W.-K. Tung, S. Kretzer, and C. Schmidt, Open heavy flavor production in QCD: Conceptual framework and implementation issues
2002
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2006
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2007
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Original
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Original

Then

R. Thorne, The Effect of Changes of Variable Flavour Number Scheme on PDFs and Predicted Cross Sections
Original
2012
Later among the works it cites.
M. Guzzi, P. M. Nadolsky, H.-L. Lai, and C.-P. Yuan, General-Mass Treatment for Deep Inelastic Scattering at Two-Loop Accuracy
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2012
Later among the works it cites.
The NNPDF
Original
2013
Later among the works it cites.
V. A. Bednyakov, M. A. Demichev, G. I. Lykasov, T. Stavreva, and M. Stockton, Searching for intrinsic charm in the proton at the LHC
Original
2014
Later among the works it cites.
S. Dulat, T.-J. Hou, J. Gao, J. Huston, J. Pumplin, et al., Intrinsic Charm Parton Distribution Functions from CTEQ-TEA Global Analysis

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2015

Intrinsic charm in a matched general-mass scheme

Ball, Richard D., Bertone, Valerio, Bonvini, Marco et al.

Understand

The FONLL general-mass variable-flavour number scheme provides a framework for the matching of a calculation in which a heavy quark is treated as a massless parton to one in which the mass dependence is retained throughout.

We describe how the usual formulation of FONLL can be extended in such a way that the heavy quark parton distribution functions are freely parameterized at some initial scale, rather than being generated entirely perturbatively.
We specifically consider the case of deep-inelastic scattering, in view of applications to PDF determination, and the possible impact of a fitted charm quark distribution on $F_2^c$ is assessed.

Built on

The NNPDF
Original
1958
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. J. Brodsky, P. Hoyer, C. Peterson, and N. Sakai, The Intrinsic Charm of the Proton
1980
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Hoffmann and R. Moore, Subleading Contributions to the Intrinsic Charm of the Nucleon
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Aivazis, J. C. Collins, F. I. Olness, and W.-K. Tung, Leptoproduction of heavy quarks. 2. A Unified QCD formulation of charged and neutral current processes from fixed target to collider energies
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Cacciari, M. Greco, and P. Nason, The p(T) spectrum in heavy-flavour hadroproduction
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. C. Collins, Hard scattering factorization with heavy quarks: A General treatment
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. S. Thorne and R. G. Roberts, An Ordered analysis of heavy flavor production in deep inelastic scattering
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. S. Thorne and R. G. Roberts, A Practical procedure for evolving heavy flavor structure functions
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Kretzer and I. Schienbein, Heavy quark initiated contributions to deep inelastic structure functions
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Buza, Y. Matiounine, J. Smith, and W. L. van Neerven, Charm electroproduction viewed in the variable-flavour number scheme versus fixed-order perturbation theory
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Kramer, F. I. Olness, and D. E. Soper, Treatment of heavy quarks in deeply inelastic scattering
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

W.-K. Tung, S. Kretzer, and C. Schmidt, Open heavy flavor production in QCD: Conceptual framework and implementation issues
2002
Cited alongside, same era.
R. Thorne, A Variable-flavor number scheme for NNLO
2006
Cited alongside, same era.
J. Pumplin, H. L. Lai, and W. K. Tung, The charm parton content of the nucleon
2007
Cited alongside, same era.
The NNPDF
2007
Cited alongside, same era.
B. A. Kniehl, G. Kramer, I. Schienbein, and H. Spiesberger, Open charm hadroproduction and the charm content of the proton
Original
2009
Cited alongside, same era.
P. M. Nadolsky and W.-K. Tung, Improved Formulation of Global QCD Analysis with Zero-mass Matrix Elements
Original