Dual condensates at finite isospin chemical potential

Understand

The dual observables as order parameters for center symmetry are tested at finite isospin chemical potential $\mu_I$ in a Polyakov-loop enhanced chiral model of QCD with physical quark masses.

• As a counterpart of the dressed Polyakov-loop, the first Fourier moment of pion condensate is introduced for $\mu_I>{m_\pi}/{2}$ under the temporal twisted boundary conditions for quarks.
• We demonstrate that this dual condensate exhibits the similar temperature dependence as the conventional Polyakov-loop.
• We confirm that its rapid increase with $T$ is driven by the evaporating of pion condensation.