Is cosmography a useful tool for testing cosmology?

Understand

Model-independent methods in cosmology has become an essential tool in order to deal with an increasing number of theoretical alternatives for explaining the late-time acceleration of the Universe.

• In principle, this provides a way of testing the Cosmological Concordance (or $\Lambda$CDM) model under different assumptions and ruling out whole classes of competing theories.
• One such model-independent method is the so-called cosmographic approach, which relies only on the homogeneity and isotropy of the Universe on large scales.
• We show that this method suffers from many shortcomings, providing biased results depending on the auxiliary variable used in the series expansion and is unable to rule out models or adequately reconstruct theories with higher-order derivatives in either the gravitational or matter sector.