Energy-Time Uncertainty Relations in Quantum Measurements

Understand

Quantum measurement is a physical process.

• A system and an apparatus interact for a certain time period (measurement time), and during this interaction, information about an observable is transferred from the system to the apparatus.
• In this study, we quantify the energy fluctuation of the quantum apparatus required for this physical process to occur autonomously.
• We first examine the so-called standard model of measurement, which is free from any non-trivial energy-time uncertainty relation, to find that it needs an external system that switches on the interaction between the system and the apparatus.