Measurement-based Formulation of Quantum Heat Engine

Understand

There exist two formulations for quantum heat engine that models an energy transfer between two microscopic systems.

• One is semi-classical scenario, and the other is full quantum scenario.
• The former is formulated as a unitary evolution for the internal system, and is adopted by the community of statistical mechanics.
• In the latter, the whole process is formulated as unitary, and is adopted by the community of quantum information.