Elliptical Galaxies and Bulges of Disk Galaxies: Summary of Progress and Outstanding Issues

Understand

This is the summary chapter of a review book on galaxy bulges.

• Bulge properties and formation histories are more varied than those of ellipticals.
• I emphasize two advances: 1 - "Classical bulges" are observationally indistinguishable from ellipticals, and like them, are thought to form by major galaxy mergers.
• "Disky pseudobulges" are diskier and more actively star-forming (except in S0s) than are ellipticals.