TeV-PeV Neutrino Oscillation of Low-luminosity Gamma-ray Bursts

Understand

There is a sign that long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from the core collapse of massive stars.

• During a jet puncturing through the progenitor envelope, high energy neutrinos can be produced by the reverse shock formed at the jet head.
• It is suggested that low-luminosity GRBs (LL-GRBs) are possible candidates of this high energy neutrino precursor up to $\sim {\rm PeV}$.
• Before leaving the progenitor, these high energy neutrinos must oscillate from one flavor to another with matter effect in the envelope.