Nonconformal viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics

Understand

We generalize the derivation of viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics from kinetic theory to allow for non-zero particle masses.

• The macroscopic theory is obtained by taking moments of the Boltzmann equation after expanding the distribution function around a spheroidally deformed local momentum distribution whose form has been generalized by the addition of a scalar field that accounts non-perturbatively (i.e.
• already at leading order) for bulk viscous effects.
• Hydrodynamic equations for the parameters of the leading-order distribution function and for the residual (next-to-leading order) dissipative flows are obtained from the three lowest moments of the Boltzmann equation.