Beyond Mixing-length Theory: a step toward 321D

Understand

We examine the physical basis for algorithms to replace mixing-length theory (MLT) in stellar evolutionary computations.

• Our 321D procedure is based on numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations.
• These implicit large eddy simulations (ILES) are three-dimensional (3D), time-dependent, and turbulent, including the Kolmogorov cascade.
• We use the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) formulation to make concise the 3D simulation data, and use the 3D simulations to give closure for the RANS equations.