Extragalactic star-forming galaxies with hypernovae and supernovae as high-energy neutrino and gamma-ray sources: the case of the 10 TeV neutrino data

Understand

In light of the latest IceCube data, we discuss the implications of the cosmic ray energy input from hypernovae and supernovae into the Universe, and their propagation in the hosting galaxy and galaxy clusters or groups.

• The magnetic confinement in these environments may lead to efficient $pp$ collisions, resulting in a diffuse neutrino spectrum extending from PeV down to 10 TeV energies, with a spectrum and flux level compatible with that recently reported by IceCube.
• If the diffuse 10 TeV neutrino background largely comes from such the CR reservoirs, the corresponding diffuse gamma-ray background should be compatible with the recent \textit{Fermi} data.
• In this scenario, the CR energy input from hypernovae should be dominant over that of supernovae, implying that the starburst scenario does not work if the supernova energy budget is a factor of two larger than the hypernova energy budget.