Fermion Bags and A New Origin for a Fermion Mass

Understand

The fermion bag is a powerful idea that helps to solve fermion lattice field theories using Monte Carlo methods.

• Some sign problems that had remained unsolved earlier can be solved within this framework.
• In this work we argue that the fermion bag also gives insight into a new mechanism of fermion mass generation, especially at strong couplings where fermion masses are related to the fermion bag size.
• On the other hand, chiral condensates arise due to zero modes in the Dirac operator within a fermion bag.