Puzzles of the dark energy in the universe - phantom

Understand

This paper is devoted to some simple approach based on general physics tools to describe the physical properties of a hypothetical particle which can be the source of dark energy in the Universe known as phantom.

• Phantom is characterized by the fact that it possesses negative momentum and kinetic energy and that it gives large negative pressure which acts as antigravity.
• We consider phantom harmonic oscillator in comparison to a standard harmonic oscillator.
• By using the first law of thermodynamics we explain why the energy density of the Universe grows when it is filled with phantom.