Neutrino and cosmic-ray emission from multiple internal shocks in gamma-ray bursts

Understand

Gamma-ray bursts are short-lived, luminous explosions at cosmological distances, thought to originate from relativistic jets launched at the deaths of massive stars.

• They are among the prime candidates to produce the observed cosmic rays at the highest energies.
• Recent neutrino data have, however, started to constrain this possibility in the simplest models with only one emission zone.
• In the classical theory of gamma-ray bursts, it is expected that particles are accelerated at mildly relativistic shocks generated by the collisions of material ejected from a central engine.