Interaction of photons traversing a slowly varying electromagnetic background

Understand

When two electromagnetic fields counterpropagate, they are modified due to mutual interaction via the polarised virtual electron-positron states of the vacuum.

• By studying how photon-photon scattering effects such as birefringence and four-wave mixing evolve as the fields pass through one another, we find a significant increase during overlap.
• The results have particular relevance for calculations based on a constant field background.