Leading-order anisotropic hydrodynamics for systems with massive particles

Understand

The framework of anisotropic hydrodynamics is generalized to include finite particle masses.

• Two schemes are introduced and their predictions compared with exact solutions of the kinetic equation in the relaxation time approximation.
• The first formulation uses the zeroth and first moments of the kinetic equation, whereas the second formulation uses the first and second moments.
• For the case of one-dimensional boost-invariant expansion, our numerical results indicate that the second formulation yields much better agreement with the exact solutions.