Quantum randomness extraction for various levels of characterization of the devices

Understand

The amount of intrinsic randomness that can be extracted from measurement on quantum systems depends on several factors: notably, the power given to the adversary and the level of characterization of the devices of the authorized partners.

• After presenting a systematic introduction to these notions, in this paper we work in the class of least adversarial power, which is relevant for assessing setups operated by trusted experimentalists, and compare three levels of characterization of the devices.
• Many recent studies have focused on the so-called "device-independent" level, in which a lower bound on the amount of intrinsic randomness can be certified without any characterization.
• The other extreme is the case when all the devices are fully characterized: this "tomographic" level has been known for a long time.