Magnetization and pressures at nonzero magnetic fields in QCD

Understand

Two approaches are pursued to determine the magnetization of the QCD vacuum at zero and nonzero temperatures using lattice simulations.

• The first method builds on pressure anisotropies which are induced by the magnetic field on the lattice.
• The second approach is a novel, generalized version of the integral method, which exploits the independence of the theory on B for asymptotically large quark masses.
• Both approaches give consistent results and confirm that the QCD medium is paramagnetic.