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Black Holes or Firewalls: A Theory of Horizons · Around

2013

Black Holes or Firewalls: A Theory of Horizons

Nomura, Yasunori, Varela, Jaime, Weinberg, Sean J.

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We present a quantum theory of black hole (and other) horizons, in which the standard assumptions of complementarity are preserved without contradicting information theoretic considerations.

After the scrambling time, the quantum mechanical structure of a black hole becomes that of an eternal black hole at the microscopic level.
In particular, the stretched horizon degrees of freedom and the states entangled with them can be mapped into the near-horizon modes in the two exterior regions of an eternal black hole, whose mass is taken to be that of the evolving black hole at each moment.
Salient features arising from this picture include: (i) the number of degrees of freedom needed to describe a black hole is e^{A/2 l_P^2}, where A is the area of the horizon; (ii) black hole states having smooth horizons span only an e^{A/4 l_P^2}-dimensional subspace of the relevant e^{A/2 l_P^2}-dimensional Hilbert space; (iii) internal dynamics of the horizon is such that an infalling observer finds a smooth horizon with probability 1 if a state stays in this subspace.

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Similar

For reviews, see e.g. J. Preskill, in Blackholes, Membranes, Wormholes and Superstrings
2005
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See also, H. Ollivier, D. Poulin and W. H. Zurek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93
2006
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M. Van Raamsdonk, Gen. Rel. Grav. 42
Original
2010
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For earlier work, see S. L. Braunstein, arXiv:0907.1190v1 [quant-ph]; S. D. Mathur, Class. Quant. Grav. 26
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2011
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Y. Nomura, JHEP 11
Original
2012
Cited alongside, same era.

Then

Y. Nomura and J. Varela, JHEP 07
Original
2013
Closest in time.
Y. Nomura, talk at SITP firewall meeting, Stanford, November 2012; talk at TH-institute: Black hole horizons and quantum information, CERN, March 2013
2013
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D. N. Page, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44
Original
2013
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R. Bousso, talk at TH-institute: Black hole horizons and quantum information, CERN, March 2013; arXiv:1308.2665 [hep-th]
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2013
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D. Harlow and P. Hayden, JHEP 06
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2013
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