Energy and Transverse Momentum Fluctuations in the Equilibrium Quantum Systems

Understand

The fluctuations in the ideal quantum gases are studied using the strongly intensive measures $\Delta[A,B]$ and $\Sigma[A,B]$ defined in terms of two extensive quantities $A$ and $B$.

• In the present paper, these extensive quantities are taken as the motional variable, $A=X$, the system energy $E$ or transverse momentum $P_T$, and number of particles, $B=N$.
• This choice is most often considered in studying the event-by-event fluctuations and correlations in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions.
• The recently proposed special normalization ensures that $\Delta$ and $\Sigma$ are dimensionless and equal to unity for fluctuations given by the independent particle model.