Understand
We revisit the role of loop and surface operators as order parameters for gapped phases of four-dimensional gauge theories.
- We show that in some cases surface operators are confined, and that this fact can be used to distinguish phases which are not distinguished by the Wilson-'t Hooft criterion.
- The long-distance behavior of loop and surface operators which are neither confined nor screened is controlled by a 4d TQFT.
- We construct these TQFTs for phases which are characterized by the presence of electrically and/or magnetically charged condensates.
Built on
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