Built on

S. Dimopoulos, R. Esmailzadeh, L. J. Hall and G. D. Starkman, “Limits On Late Decaying Particles From Nucleosynthesis,” Nucl. Phys. B 311
1989
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. R. Ellis, G. B. Gelmini, J. L. Lopez, D. V. Nanopoulos and S. Sarkar, “Astrophysical constraints on massive unstable neutral relic particles,” Nucl. Phys. B 373
1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. G. Raffelt, “Stars as laboratories for fundamental physics: The astrophysics of neutrinos, axions, and other weakly interacting particles,” Chicago, USA: Univ. Pr. (1996) 664 p
1996
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Choi, E. J. Chun and J. E. Kim, “Cosmological implications of radiatively generated axion scale,” Phys. Lett. B 403
1997
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Choi, A. Falkowski, H. P. Nilles and M. Olechowski, “Soft supersymmetry breaking in KKLT flux compactification,” Nucl. Phys. B 718
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Kawasaki, K. Kohri and T. Moroi, “Big-Bang nucleosynthesis and hadronic decay of long-lived massive particles,” Phys. Rev. D 71
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Jedamzik, “Big bang nucleosynthesis constraints on hadronically and electromagnetically decaying relic neutral particles,” Phys. Rev. D 74
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Ichikawa, M. Kawasaki, K. Nakayama, M. Senami, F. Takahashi and , “Increasing effective number of neutrinos by decaying particles,” JCAP 0705
2007
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. S. Acharya, P. Kumar, K. Bobkov, G. Kane, J. Shao, and S. Watson, “Non-thermal Dark Matter and the Moduli Problem in String Frameworks,” JHEP 0806
Original
2008
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Blumenhagen, J. P. Conlon, S. Krippendorf, S. Moster and F. Quevedo, “SUSY Breaking in Local String/F-Theory Models,” JHEP 0909
Original
2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Steigman, “Primordial Helium And the Cosmic Background Radiation,” JCAP 1004
Original
2010
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

Y. I. Izotov and T. X. Thuan, “The primordial abundance of 4He: evidence for non-standard big bang nucleosynthesis,” Astrophys. J. 710
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2010
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E. Aver, K. A. Olive and E. D. Skillman, “A New Approach to Systematic Uncertainties and Self-Consistency in Helium Abundance Determinations,” JCAP 1005
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2010
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A. G. Riess, L. Macri, S. Casertano, H. Lampeitl, H. C. Ferguson, A. V. Filippenko, S. W. Jha and W. Li et al
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P. Graf and F. D. Steffen, “Thermal axion production in the primordial quark-gluon plasma,” Phys. Rev. D 83
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2011
Cited alongside, same era.
K. Nakayama, F. Takahashi and T. T. Yanagida, “A theory of extra radiation in the Universe,” Phys. Lett. B 697

Then

T. Kobayashi, F. Takahashi, T. Takahashi and M. Yamaguchi, “Dark Radiation from Modulated Reheating,” JCAP 1203
Original
2012
Later among the works it cites.
K. S. Jeong and F. Takahashi, “Light Higgsino from Axion Dark Radiation,” JHEP 1208
Original
2012
Later among the works it cites.
M. Archidiacono, E. Giusarma, A. Melchiorri, O. Mena and , “Dark Radiation in extended cosmological scenarios,” Phys. Rev. D 86
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2012
Later among the works it cites.
C. Boehm, M. J. Dolan and C. McCabe, “Increasing Neff with particles in thermal equilibrium with neutrinos,” JCAP 1212
Original
2012
Later among the works it cites.
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2013

The Cosmophenomenology of Axionic Dark Radiation

Conlon, Joseph P., Marsh, M. C. David

Understand

Relativistic axions are good candidates for the dark radiation for which there are mounting observational hints.

The primordial decays of heavy fields produce axions which are ultra-energetic compared to thermalised matter and inelastic axion-matter scattering can occur with $E_{CoM} \gg T_{\gamma}$, thus accessing many interesting processes which are otherwise kinematically forbidden in standard cosmology.
Axion-photon scattering into quarks and leptons during BBN affects the light element abundances, and bounds on overproduction of $^4$He constrain a combination of the axion decay constant and the reheating temperature.
For supersymmetric models, axion scattering into visible sector superpartners can give direct non-thermal production of dark matter at $T_{\gamma} \ll T_{freezeout}$.

Built on

S. Dimopoulos, R. Esmailzadeh, L. J. Hall and G. D. Starkman, “Limits On Late Decaying Particles From Nucleosynthesis,” Nucl. Phys. B 311
1989
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. R. Ellis, G. B. Gelmini, J. L. Lopez, D. V. Nanopoulos and S. Sarkar, “Astrophysical constraints on massive unstable neutral relic particles,” Nucl. Phys. B 373
1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. G. Raffelt, “Stars as laboratories for fundamental physics: The astrophysics of neutrinos, axions, and other weakly interacting particles,” Chicago, USA: Univ. Pr. (1996) 664 p
1996
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Choi, E. J. Chun and J. E. Kim, “Cosmological implications of radiatively generated axion scale,” Phys. Lett. B 403
1997
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Choi, A. Falkowski, H. P. Nilles and M. Olechowski, “Soft supersymmetry breaking in KKLT flux compactification,” Nucl. Phys. B 718
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Kawasaki, K. Kohri and T. Moroi, “Big-Bang nucleosynthesis and hadronic decay of long-lived massive particles,” Phys. Rev. D 71
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Jedamzik, “Big bang nucleosynthesis constraints on hadronically and electromagnetically decaying relic neutral particles,” Phys. Rev. D 74
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Ichikawa, M. Kawasaki, K. Nakayama, M. Senami, F. Takahashi and , “Increasing effective number of neutrinos by decaying particles,” JCAP 0705
2007
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. S. Acharya, P. Kumar, K. Bobkov, G. Kane, J. Shao, and S. Watson, “Non-thermal Dark Matter and the Moduli Problem in String Frameworks,” JHEP 0806
Original
2008
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Blumenhagen, J. P. Conlon, S. Krippendorf, S. Moster and F. Quevedo, “SUSY Breaking in Local String/F-Theory Models,” JHEP 0909
Original
2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Steigman, “Primordial Helium And the Cosmic Background Radiation,” JCAP 1004
Original
2010
Earlier work this paper cites.