Long-lived heavy quarks : a review

Understand

We review the theoretical and experimental situation for long-lived heavy quarks, or bound states thereof, arising in simple extensions of the Standard Model.

• If these particles propagate large distances before their decay, they give rise to specific signatures requiring dedicated analysis methods.
• In particular, vector-like quarks with negligible couplings to the three known families could have eluded the past experimental searches.
• While most analyses assume prompt decays at the production vertex, novel heavy quarks might lead to signatures involving displaced vertices, new hadronic bound states, or decays happening outside of the detector acceptance.