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Freeze-out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics · Around

2012

Freeze-out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics

Bazavov, A., Ding, H. -T., Hegde, P. et al.

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We present a determination of chemical freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions based on ratios of cumulants of net electric charge fluctuations.

These ratios can reliably be calculated in lattice QCD for a wide range of chemical potential values by using a next-to-leading order Taylor series expansion around the limit of vanishing baryon, electric charge and strangeness chemical potentials.
From a computation of up to fourth order cumulants and charge correlations we first determine the strangeness and electric charge chemical potentials that characterize freeze-out conditions in a heavy ion collision and confirm that in the temperature range 150 MeV < T < 170 MeV the hadron resonance gas model provides good approximations for these parameters that agree with QCD calculations on the (5-15)% level.
We then show that a comparison of lattice QCD results for ratios of up to third order cumulants of electric charge fluctuations with experimental results allows to extract the freeze-out baryon chemical potential and the freeze-out temperature.

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