Are nuclear star clusters the precursors of massive black holes?

Understand

We present new upper limits for black hole masses in extremely late type spiral galaxies.

• We confirm that this class of galaxies has black holes with masses less than 10^6 Msolar, if any.
• We also derive new upper limits for nuclear star cluster (NC) masses in massive galaxies with previously determined black hole masses.
• We use the newly derived upper limits and a literature compilation to study the low mass end of the global-to-nucleus relations.