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2011

Black Hole's Quantum N-Portrait

Dvali, Gia, Gomez, Cesar

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We establish a quantum measure of classicality in the form of the occupation number, $N$, of gravitons in a gravitational field.

This allows us to view classical background geometries as quantum Bose-condensates with large occupation numbers of soft gravitons.
We show that among all possible sources of a given physical length, $N$ is maximized by the black hole and coincides with its entropy.
The emerging quantum mechanical picture of a black hole is surprisingly simple and fully parameterized by $N$.

Black Hole's Quantum N-Portrait · Around

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G. Dvali, “Black Holes and Large N Species Solution to the Hierarchy Problem,” arXiv:0706.2050 [hep-th]; G. Dvali and M. Redi, “Black Hole Bound on the Number of Species and Quantum Gravity at LHC,” Phys. Rev
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Similar

D. Amati, M. Ciafaloni, G. Veneziano, Phys. Lett. B197, 81 (1987); Phys. Lett. B216, 41 (1989);Nucl. Phys. B347, 550-580 (1990). Int. J. Mod. Phys. A3, 1615-1661 (1988)
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G . ’t Hooft, Dimensional Reduction in Quantum Gravity, Utrecht Preprint THU-93/26, gr-qc/9310006, L. Susskind, The World as a hologram. J.Math.Phys. 36 (1995) 6377-6396, hep-th/9409089
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J. M. Maldacena, Ò The Large N limit of superconformal Þeld theories and super- gravityÓ, Adv.Theor.Math.Phys. 2 (1998) 231, Int.J.Theor.Phys. 38 (1999) 1113, hep-th/9711200; S.S. Gubser, I.R. Klebanov, A. M. Polyakov, ÒGauge theory correlators from non- critical string theoryÓ, Phys. Lett. B428 (1998) 105, hep-th/9802109; E. Witten, ÒAnti-de Sitter space and holographyÓ, Adv.Theor.Math.Phys. 2 (1998) 253, hep-th/9802150
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See, e.g., F. Dalfovo et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 463 (1999)
1999
Cited alongside, same era.
For an excellent review on magnetically-charged black holes, see, E.J. Weinberg, http://arXiv: gr-qc/9503032
Cited in the paper.

Then

S. B. Giddings, M. Schmidt-Sommerfeld, J. R. Andersen, ÒHigh energy scattering in gravity and supergravity,Ó Phys. Rev. D82, 104022 (2010). [arXiv:1005.5408 [hep-th]]
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2010
Later among the works it cites.
G. Dvali and , C. Gomez, Self-Completeness of Einstein Gravity, arXiv:1005.3497 [hep-th]; G. Dvali, S. Folkerts, C. Germani, ÒPhysics of Trans-Planckian GravityÓ, [ arXiv:1006.0984 [hep-th]] Phys.Rev.D84:024039,2011
Original
2011
Closest in time.
G. Dvali, C. Gomez, Alex Kehagias.Classicalization of Gravitons and Goldstones. arXiv:1103.5963 [hep-th], JHEP 1111 (2011) 070
Original
2011
Closest in time.
G. Dvali, G. F. Giudice, C. Gomez, A. Kehagias, UV-Completion by Classicalization, arXiv:1010.1415 [hep-ph]. JHEP 2011 (2011) 108; For recent discussions, see C. Grojean, R. S. Gupta, Theory and LHC Phenomenology of Classicalon Decays, arXiv:1110.5317 [hep-ph], and references therein
Original
2011
Closest in time.

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