Relating quarks and leptons without grand-unification

Understand

In combination with supersymmetry, flavor symmetry may relate quarks with leptons, even in the absence of a grand-unification group.

• We propose an SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) model where both supersymmetry and the assumed A4 flavor symmetries are softly broken, reproducing well the observed fermion mass hierarchies and predicting: (i) a relation between down-type quarks and charged lepton masses, and (ii) a correlation between the Cabibbo angle in the quark sector, and the reactor angle characterizing CP violation in neutrino oscillations.