Landau Level Quantization on the Sphere

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We have not been able to find out who introduced the ladder operators for Landau levels in the plane. The energy eigenfunctions were known since Landau [ 20 ] . MacDonald [ 21 ] used the ladder operators in 1984, but neither gave nor took credit. Girvin and Jach [ 22 ] were aware of two independent ladders a year earlier, but neither spelled out the formalism, nor pointed to references. It appears that the community had been aware of them, but not aware of who introduced them. The clearest and most complete presentation we know of is due to Arovas [ 23 ]

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