p-Values for Model Evaluation

Understand

Deciding whether a model provides a good description of data is often based on a goodness-of-fit criterion summarized by a p-value.

• Although there is considerable confusion concerning the meaning of p-values, leading to their misuse, they are nevertheless of practical importance in common data analysis tasks.
• We motivate their application using a Bayesian argumentation.
• We then describe commonly and less commonly known discrepancy variables and how they are used to define p-values.