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The magnetic field of the Sun is the underlying cause of the many diverse phenomena combined under the heading of solar activity.
On the probable existence of a magnetic field in sun-spots
G. E. Hale · 1908
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Distribution of sun-spots in heliographic latitude, 1874-1913
E. W. Maunder · 1913
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Radial motion in Sun-spots
C. E. St. John · 1913
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Invisible sunspots
G. E. Hale · 1922
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The Law of Sun-Spot Polarity
G. E. Hale and S. B. Nicholson · 1925
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The magnetic field of sunspots
T. G. Cowling · 1933
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On the nature of solar activity
M. N. Gnevyshev · 1938
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A long-periodic fluctuation of the sun-spot numbers
W. Gleissberg · 1939
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Über die Struktur der Sonnenflecken
M. Waldmeier · 1939
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Gegenwärtiger Stand der Theorie konvektiver Sonnenmodelle
L. Biermann · 1941
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On sunspots and the solar cycle
H. Alfvén · 1943
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Induction Effects in Terrestrial Magnetism Part I. Theory
W. M. Elsasser · 1946
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The Formation of Sunspots from the Solar Toroidal Field
E. N. Parker · 1955
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Ergebnisse und Probleme der Sonnenforschung, 2. Aufl
M. Waldmeier · 1955
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The Sun’s magnetic field, 1952-1954
H. W. Babcock and H. D. Babcock · 1955
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The magnetic field in the two-dimensional motion of a conducting turbulent fluid
Ya. B. Zel’dovich · 1957
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Dynamics of the Interplanetary Gas and Magnetic Fields
E. N. Parker · 1958
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The topology of the Sun’s magnetic field and the 22-year cycle
H. W. Babcock · 1961
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The Structure of Sunspot Penumbras. II. Theoretical
R. E. Danielson · 1961
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Kinematical hydromagnetic theory and its application to the low solar photosphere
E. N. Parker · 1963
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Transport of Magnetic Fields on the Sun
R. B. Leighton · 1964
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On the velocity field in sunspots
P. Maltby · 1964
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Some new variational properties of hydromagnetic equilibria
H. Grad · 1964
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The expulsion of magnetic flux by eddies
N. O. Weiss · 1966
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Measurements of solar magnetic fields
N. R. Sheeley · 1966
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On the Wilson effect of the sunspots
Y. Suzuki · 1967
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The Angular Momentum of the Solar Wind
E. J. Weber and L. J. Davis · 1967
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A Model for the Evershed flow in sunspots
F. Meyer and H. U. Schmidt · 1968
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Magnetisch ausgerichtete Strömungen zwischen Sonnenflecken
F. Meyer and H. U. Schmidt · 1968
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The intensity, velocity and magnetic structure of a sunspot region. I: Observational technique; properties of magnetic knots
J. M. Beckers and E. H. Schröter · 1968
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A magneto-kinematic model of the solar cycle
R. B. Leighton · 1969
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Magnetic fields and the structure of the solar corona
M. D. Altschuler and G. Newkirk · 1969
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The Generation of Magnetic Fields in Astrophysical Bodies I. The Dynamo Equations
E. N. Parker · 1970
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Multi-channel magnetograph observations. III: Faculae
E.N. Frazier · 1971
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Large-amplitude Alfvén waves in the interplanetary medium, 2
J. W. Belcher and L. Davis · 1971
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Magnetic fields in umbral atmospheres under ’similarity’ configuration
H. S. Yun · 1972
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Observations of Running Penumbral Waves
H. Zirin and A. Stein · 1972
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The structure of sunspots. I: Observational constraints: Current sheet models
M. H. Gokhale and C. Zwaan · 1972
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On the small-scale structure of solar magnetic fields
E. N. Frazier and J. O. Stenflo · 1972
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Coronal holes
M. D. Altschuler, D. E. Trotter, and F. Q. Orrall · 1972
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Properties of a coronal hole derived from extreme-ultraviolet observations
R. H. Munro and G. L. Withbroe · 1972
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Topological dissipation and small-scale fields in turbulent gases
E. N. Parker · 1972
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The interaction of the solar wind with the interstellar medium
W. I. Axford · 1972
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Magnetic-field structure of the photospheric network
J. O. Stenflo · 1973
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The growth and decay of sunspots
F. Meyer, H. U. Schmidt, P. R. Wilson, and N. O. Weiss · 1974
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Relaxation of toroidal plasma and generation of reversed magnetic fields
J. B Taylor · 1974
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The Support of Prominences Formed in Neutral Sheets
M. Kuperus and M. A. Raadu · 1974
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Axisymmetric alpha-squared-dynamos in the Hayashi-phase
M. Schüssler · 1975
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The generation of magnetic fields in astrophysical bodies. X - Magnetic buoyancy and the solar dynamo
E. N. Parker · 1975
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Solar-cycle dynamo wave propagation
H. Yoshimura · 1975
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The macrodynamics of alpha-effect dynamos in rotating fluids
W. V. R. Malkus and M. R. E. Proctor · 1975
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The Nature of the Sunspot Phenomenon. IV: The Intrinsic Instability of the Magnetic Configuration
E. N. Parker · 1975
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A new component of solar magnetism - The inner network fields
W. C. Livingston and J. Harvey · 1975
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The Maunder Minimum
J. A. Eddy · 1976
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Wave propagation along a magnetic tube
R. J. Defouw · 1976
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Pressure equilibrium and energy balance of small photospheric fluxtubes
H. C. Spruit · 1976
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The stability of sunspots
F. Meyer, H. U. Schmidt, and N. O. Weiss · 1977
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Heat flow near obstacles in the solar convection zone
H. C. Spruit · 1977
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Statistical analysis of solar Fe I lines - Magnetic line broadening
J. O. Stenflo and L. Lindegren · 1977
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Mass and energy flow in the solar chromosphere and corona
G. L. Withbroe and R. W. Noyes · 1977
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Electric currents in cosmic plasmas
H. Alfvén · 1977
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On the Appearance of Magnetic Flux in the Solar Photosphere
C. Zwaan · 1978
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Magnetic field generation in electrically conducting fluids
H. K. Moffatt · 1978
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A unique magnetic field range for nonspot solar magnetic regions
E. Wiehr · 1978
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Hydraulic concentration of magnetic fields in the solar photosphere. VI - Adiabatic cooling and concentration in downdrafts
E. N. Parker · 1978
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Motions in solar magnetic tubes. II - The oscillations
R. G. Giovanelli, W. C. Livingston, and J. W. Harvey · 1978
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Determination of constant α \alpha force-free solar magnetic fields from magnetograph data
N. Seehafer · 1978
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Cosmical magnetic fields: Their origin and their activity
E. N. Parker · 1979
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Instability by magnetic buoyancy
D. J. Acheson · 1979
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Magnetic buoyancy revisited - Analytical and numerical results for rising flux tubes
M. Schüssler · 1979
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Magneto-optical effects and the interpretation of linearly polarized intensity distributions observed with a vector magnetograph
E. Landi Degl’Innocenti · 1979
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Sunspots and the physics of magnetic flux tubes. I - The general nature of the sunspot
E. N. Parker · 1979
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Sunspots and the physics of magnetic flux tubes. I - The general nature of the sunspot. II - Aerodynamic drag
E. N. Parker · 1979
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Sunspots and the physics of magnetic flux tubes. IX - Umbral dots and longitudinal overstability
E. N. Parker · 1979
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Convective collapse of flux tubes
H. C. Spruit · 1979
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Vertical motions in an intense magnetic flux tube. III - On the slender flux tube approximation
B. Roberts and A. R. Webb · 1979
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Mean-field magnetohydrodynamics and dynamo theory
F. Krause and K. H. Rädler · 1980
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An exploratory two-dimensional study of the coarse structure of network magnetic fields
R. G. Giovanelli · 1980
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Vertical motions in an intense magnetic flux tube - Part five - Radiative relaxation in a stratified medium
A. R. Webb and B. Roberts · 1980
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Surface magnetic fields during the solar activity cycle
R. Howard and B. J. Labonte · 1981
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The solar torsional oscillation and dynamo models of the solar cycle
M. Schüssler · 1981
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Equations for thin flux tubes in ideal MHD
H. C. Spruit · 1981
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Convection and magnetic fields in stars
D. J. Galloway and N. O. Weiss · 1981
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Dynamically consistent nonlinear dynamos driven by convection in a rotating spherical shell
P. A. Gilman and J. Miller · 1981
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Small scale phenomena in umbras and penumbras - The role of convective processes
H. C. Spruit · 1981
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Fourier Transform Spectrometer observations of solar carbon monoxide. I - The fundamental and first overtone bands in the quiet sun
T. R. Ayres and L. Testerman · 1981
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Effects of drift on the transport of cosmic rays. IV - Modulation by a wavy interplanetary current sheet
J. R. Jokipii and B. Thomas · 1981
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Stability of toroidal flux tubes in stars
H. C. Spruit and A. A. van Ballegooijen · 1982
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The overshoot layer at the base of the solar convective zone and the problem of magnetic flux storage
A. A. van Ballegooijen · 1982
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Magneto-optical effects and the determination of vector magnetic fields from Stokes profiles
M. Landolfi and E. L. Degl’Innocenti · 1982
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The three-dimensional structure of atmospheric magnetic fields in two active regions
R. G. Giovanelli and H. P. Jones · 1982
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Observations of the longitudinal magnetic field in the transition region and photosphere of a sunspot
W. Henze, E. Tandberg-Hanssen, M. J. Hagyard, E. A. West, B. E. Woodgate, R. A. Shine, J. M. Beckers, M. Bruner, C. L. Hyder, and E. A. West · 1982
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Magnetoconvection
M. R. E. Proctor and N. O. Weiss · 1982
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Effect of spots on a star’s radius and luminosity
H. C. Spruit · 1982
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The flow of heat near a starspot
H. C. Spruit · 1982
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The Hanle effect and the diagnostics of turbulent magnetic fields in the solar atmosphere
J. O. Stenflo · 1982
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Observed polarization of the Fe XIV 5303 coronal emission line
J. Arnaud · 1982
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Rise times of horizontal magnetic flux tubes in the convection zone of the sun
F. Moreno-Insertis · 1983
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Stellar dynamo theory
M. Schüssler · 1983
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Dynamically consistent nonlinear dynamos driven by convection in a rotating spherical shell. II - Dynamos with cycles and strong feedbacks
P. A. Gilman · 1983
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Doppler Imaging of spotted stars - Application to the RS Canum Venaticorum star HR 1099
S. S. Vogt and G. D. Penrod · 1983
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Simple models for magnetic flux tubes
G. W. Simon, N. O. Weiss, and A. H. Nye · 1983
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Magnetic Neutral Sheets in Evolving Fields - Part Two - Formation of the Solar Corona
E. N. Parker · 1983
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Magnetic canopies in unipolar regions
H. P. Jones and R. G. Giovanelli · 1983
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Determination of the solar wind angular momentum flux from Helios data – An observational test of the Weber and Davis theory
V. Pizzo, R. Schwenn, E. Marsch, H. Rosenbauer, K.-H. Mühlhäuser, and F. Neubauer · 1983
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Stellar fibril magnetic systems. I - Reduced energy state
E. N. Parker · 1984
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On the structure of magnetic fields in the solar convection zone
M. Schüssler · 1984
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Model calculations of magnetic flux tubes. I - Equations and method. II - Stationary results for solar magnetic elements
W. Deinzer, G. Hensler, M. Schüssler, and E. Weisshaar · 1984
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Model Calculations of Magnetic Flux Tubes - Part Two - Stationary Results for Solar Magnetic Elements
W. Deinzer, G. Hensler, M. Schussler, and E. Weisshaar · 1984
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Modelling of small-scale dynamical processes: Convection and wave generation (Keynote)
A. Nordlund · 1984
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Coronal heating by reconnection in DC current system. A theory based on Taylor’s hypothesis
J. Heyvaerts and E. R. Priest · 1984
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Rigorous new limits on magnetic helicity dissipation in the solar corona
M. A. Berger · 1984
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On some properties of force-free magnetic fields in infinite regions of space
J. J. Aly · 1984
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The topological properties of magnetic helicity
M. A. Berger and G. B. Field · 1984
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Distribution of solar wind angular momentum between particles and fields : Inferences about the Alfvén critical point from Helios observations
E. Marsch and A. K. Richter · 1984
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Rotation rates of leader and follower sunspots
P. A. Gilman and R. Howard · 1985
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Numerical simulations of stellar convective dynamos. II - Field propagation in the convection zone
G. A. Glatzmaier · 1985
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Dependence of the properties of magnetic fluxtubes on area factor or amount of flux
J. O. Stenflo and J. W. Harvey · 1985
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The cancellation of magnetic flux. II - In a decaying active region
S. F. Martin, S. H. B. Livi, and J. Wang · 1985
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The cancellation of magnetic flux. I - On the quiet sun
S. H. B. Livi, J. Wang, and S. F. Martin · 1985
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Propagation of nonlinear, radiatively damped longitudinal waves along magnetic flux tubes in the solar atmosphere
G. Herbold, P. Ulmschneider, H. C. Spruit, and R. Rosner · 1985
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Evolution of weak solar magnetic fields
H. Zirin · 1985
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Magnetic helicity: What is it and what is it good for?
J. M. Finn and T. M. Antonsen · 1985
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Size and temperature of umbral dots
U. Grossmann-Doerth, W. Schmidt, and E. H. Schroeter · 1986
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The dynamics of magnetically trapped fluids. I - Implications for umbral dots and penumbral grains
A. R. Choudhuri · 1986
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Energy transport in sunspot penumbrae
H. U. Schmidt, H. C. Spruit, and N. O. Weiss · 1986
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Inhibition of convective collapse of solar magnetic flux tubes by radiative diffusion
P. Venkatakrishnan · 1986
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MHD models of solar photospheric magnetic flux concentrations
M. Schüssler · 1986
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Structure and merging of solar magnetic fluxtubes
G. W. Pneuman, S. K. Solanki, and J. O. Stenflo · 1986
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Numerical models for solar magnetic fluxtubes
O. Steiner, G. W. Pneuman, and J. O. Stenflo · 1986
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Fourier transform spectrometer observations of solar carbon monoxide. II - Simultaneous cospatial measurements of the fundamental and first-overtone bands, and Ca II K, in quiet and active regions
T. R. Ayres, L. Testerman, and J. W. Brault · 1986
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Relaxation and magnetic reconnection in plasmas
J. B Taylor · 1986
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Magnetic fields and non-uniform rotation in stellar radiative zones
L. Mestel and N. O. Weiss · 1987
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The influence of the Coriolis force on flux tubes rising through the solar convection zone
A. R. Choudhuri and P. A. Gilman · 1987
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An alpha-omega-dynamo with an alpha-effect due to magnetostrophic waves
D. Schmitt · 1987
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Turbulent transport of magnetic fields - Part Two - The role of fluctuations in kinematic theory
P. Hoyng · 1987
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Evershed effect observed in various solar photospheric lines. I - Dependence of the velocity distribution across the penumbra on the equivalent width
K. Ichimoto · 1987
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A statistical study of the geometrical Wilson effect
M. Collados, J. C. del Toro Iniesta, and M. Vázquez · 1987
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On the relation between magnetic field structures and granulation
A. M. Title, T. D. Tarbell, and K. P. Topka · 1987
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Properties of solar magnetic fluxtubes from only two spectral lines
S. K. Solanki, C. Keller, and J. O. Stenflo · 1987
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Interaction between magnetic fields and convection
N. E. Hurlburt and N. O. Weiss · 1987
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On the generation of magnetohydrodynamic waves in a stratified and magnetized fluid. I - Vertical propagation
Z. E. Musielak and R. Rosner · 1987
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Solar irradiance change and special longitudes due to r-modes
C. L. Wolff and J. R. Hickey · 1987
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Variations of solar irradiance due to magnetic activity
G. A. Chapman · 1987
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Magnetic helicity of the Parker field
J. W. Bieber, P. A. Evenson, and W. H. Matthaeus · 1987
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Antidynamo theorems for non-radial flows
D.J. Ivers and R.W. James · 1988
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Turbulent transport of magnetic fields. III - Stochastic excitation of global magnetic modes
P. Hoyng · 1988
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Distribution of sunspot umbral areas - 1917-1982
T. J. Bogdan, P. A. Gilman, I. Lerche, and R. Howard · 1988
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Model calculations of magnetic flux tubes. IV - Convective energy transport and the nature of intermediate size flux concentrations
M. Knölker and M. Schüssler · 1988
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Unshifted, asymmetric Stokes V-profiles - Possible solution of a riddle
U. Grossmann-Doerth, M. Schüssler, and S. K. Solanki · 1988
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Nanoflares and the solar X-ray corona
E. N. Parker · 1988
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Heating of solar coronal loops by resonant absorption of Alfvén waves
W. Grossmann and R. A. Smith · 1988
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The evolution of loop structures in flux rings within the solar convection zone
A. R. Choudhuri · 1989
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Zeeman-Doppler imaging of active stars. I - Basic principles
M. Semel · 1989
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Velocity and magnetic field fluctuations in penumbral fine-structures
E. Wiehr and G. Stellmacher · 1989
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Current sheet as a diagnostic for the subphotospheric structure of a spot
K. Jahn · 1989
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The origin and the diagnostic capabilities of the Stokes V asymmetry observed in solar faculae and the network
S. K. Solanki · 1989
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Observations of the 12 micron Mg I lines in various solar features
H. Zirin and B. Popp · 1989
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Dynamics of magnetic flux concentrations - The second-order thin flux tube approximation
A. Ferriz-Mas, M. Schüssler, and V. Anton · 1989
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Statistical properties of solar granulation derived from the SOUP instrument on Spacelab 2
A. M. Title, T. D. Tarbell, K. P. Topka, S. H. Ferguson, R. A. Shine, and SOUP Team · 1989
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On the reconstruction of the nonlinear force-free coronal magnetic field from boundary data
J. J. Aly · 1989
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Computational modeling of magnetic fields in solar active regions
T. Sakurai · 1989
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Formation and eruption of solar prominences
A. A. van Ballegooijen and P. C. H. Martens · 1989
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Interaction between the solar wind and the interstellar medium
T. E. Holzer · 1989
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Physics of the inner heliosphere I. Large-Scale phenomena
R. Schwenn and E. Marsch · 1990
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3-D simulation of turbulent cyclonic magneto-convection
A. Brandenburg, I. Tuominen, A. Nordlund, P. Pulkkinen, and R. F. Stein · 1990
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An observational examination of models for sunspot magnetic field configurations
M. G. Adam · 1990
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Stokes profile analysis and vector magnetic fields. V - The magnetic field structure of large sunspots observed with Stokes II
B. W. Lites and A. Skumanich · 1990
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Flow patterns in a sunspot region observed in the photosphere, chromosphere and transition region
K. P. Dere, B. Schmieder, and C. E. Alissandrakis · 1990
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Oscillatory convection in sunspot umbrae
N. O. Weiss, D. P. Brownjohn, N. E. Hurlburt, and M. R. E. Proctor · 1990
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Dependence of the properties of solar magnetic flux tubes on filling factor. II - Results of an inversion approach
I. Zayer, J. O. Stenflo, C. U. Keller, and S. K. Solanki · 1990
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Theoretical Aspects of Small-Scale Photospheric Magnetic Fields
M. Schüssler · 1990
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Solar convection
H. C. Spruit, A. Nordlund, and A. M. Title · 1990
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Solar Magnetoconvection
Å. Nordlund and R. F. Stein · 1990
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How magnetic is the solar chromosphere?
S. K. Solanki and O. Steiner · 1990
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Dynamical evolution of twisted magnetic flux tubes. I - Equilibrium and linear stability
Z. Mikić, D. D. Schnack, and G. van Hoven · 1990
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Electric current helicity in the solar atmosphere
N. Seehafer · 1990
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Magnetic fields in quiescent prominences
A. A. van Ballegooijen and P. C. H. Martens · 1990
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Three-dimensional kinematic reconnection in the presence of field nulls and closed field lines
Y. Lau and J. M. Finn · 1990
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The interplanetary magnetic field
F. Mariani and F. M. Neubauer · 1990
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Physics of the inner heliosphere II. Particles, waves and turbulence
R. Schwenn and E. Marsch · 1991
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Axial tilt angles of sunspot groups
R. F. Howard · 1991
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A new solar cycle model including meridional circulation
Y.-M. Wang, N. R. Sheeley, and A. G. Nash · 1991
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A two-component solar cycle
J. P. Legrand and P. A. Simon · 1991
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Sunspots
H. U. Schmidt · 1991
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Spatial variation of the magnetic field inclination in a sunspot penumbra
D. Degenhardt and E. Wiehr · 1991
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Filigree and flux tube physics
H.C. Spruit, M. Schüssler, and S.K. Solanki · 1991
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Relations between activity and magnetic field
C. J. Schrijver · 1991
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Mechanisms of solar coronal heating
P. K. Browning · 1991
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Mechanisms of Chromospheric and Coronal Heating
P. Ulmschneider, E. R. Priest, and R. Rosner, editors · 1991
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How much energy can be stored in a three-dimensional force-free magnetic field
J. J. Aly · 1991
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Maximum energy of semi-infinite magnetic field configurations
P. A. Sturrock · 1991
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Why rapid rotators have polar spots
M. Schüssler and S. K. Solanki · 1992
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The flux-transport model and its implications
N. R. Sheeley · 1992
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The evolution of sunspots
C. Zwaan · 1992
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Storage of magnetic flux tubes in a convective overshoot region
F. Moreno-Insertis, M. Schüssler, and A. Ferriz-Mas · 1992
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The motion of magnetic flux tubes in the convection zone and the subsurface origin of active regions
F. Moreno-Insertis · 1992
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Magnetic-field advection in inhomogeneous turbulence
L. L. Kitchatinov and G. Rüdiger · 1992
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Nonlinear restrictions on dynamo action
S. I. Vainshtein and F. Cattaneo · 1992
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Dynamo action in stratified convection with overshoot
A. Nordlund, A. Brandenburg, R. L. Jennings, M. Rieutord, J. Ruokolainen, R. F. Stein, and I. Tuominen · 1992
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The theory of sunspots
J. H. Thomas and N. O. Weiss · 1992
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Infrared lines as probes of solar magnetic features. V - The magnetic structure of a simple sunspot and its canopy
S. K. Solanki, I. Rüedi, and W. Livingston · 1992
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Polarimetry and spectroscopy of a simple sunspot. I - On the magnetic field of a sunspot penumbra
W. Schmidt, A. Hofmann, H. Balthasar, T. D. Tarbell, and Z. A. Frank · 1992
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Spatial structure of the Evershed effect
E. Wiehr and D. Degenhardt · 1992
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High resolution observations of the Evershed flow
P. Börner and F. Kneer · 1992
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Vortex attraction and the formation of sunspots
E. N. Parker · 1992
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Sunspot oscillations - Observations and implications
B. W. Lites · 1992
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Magnetoconvection
M. R. E. Proctor · 1992
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Resolution of magnetic flux tubes on the sun
C. U. Keller · 1992
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Spatially extended measurements of magnetic field strength in solar plages
D. Rabin · 1992
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A true-field magnetogram in a solar plage region
D. Rabin · 1992
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Infrared lines as probes of solar magnetic features. III - Strong and weak magnetic fields in plages
I. Rüedi, S. K. Solanki, W. Livingston, and J. O. Stenflo · 1992
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Properties of the smallest solar magnetic elements. I - Facular contrast near sun center
K. P. Topka, T. D. Tarbell, and A. M. Title · 1992
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Waves in solar magnetic flux tubes - The observational signature of undamped longitudinal tube waves
S. K. Solanki and B. Roberts · 1992
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Solar luminosity variation
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New boundary integral equation representation for finite energy force-free magnetic fields in open space above the Sun
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On the source regions of the fast solar wind in polar coronal holes
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Comparison of far-ultraviolet emission lines formed in coronal holes and the quiet Sun
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On Magnetic Fields, Stellar Coronae and Dynamo Action in Late Type Dwarfs
B. Montesinos and C. Jordan · 1993
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Solar magnetic field studies using the 12 micron emission lines. II - Stokes profiles and vector field samples in sunspots
T. Hewagama, D. Deming, D. E. Jennings, V. Osherovich, G. Wiedemann, D. Zipoy, D. L. Mickey, and H. Garcia · 1993
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Are sunspot penumbrae deep or shallow?
S. K. Solanki and H. U. Schmidt · 1993
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Polarimetry and spectroscopy of a simple sunspot. 2: On the height and temperature dependence of the magnetic field
H. Balthasar and W. Schmidt · 1993
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Microwave emission from a sunspot. I - Implications for the sunspot magnetic structure
J. W. Lee, G. J. Hurford, and D. E. Gary · 1993
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On the magnetic and velocity field geometry of simple sunspots
A. M. Title, Z. A. Frank, R. A. Shine, T. D. Tarbell, K. P. Topka, G. Scharmer, and W. Schmidt · 1993
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J. A. Klimchuk, S. K. Antiochos, and D. Norton · 2000
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TRACE-derived Temperature and Emission Measure Profiles along Long-lived Coronal Loops: The Role of Filamentation
F. Reale and G. Peres · 2000
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Evidence for nonuniform heating of coronal loops inferred from multithread modeling of TRACE data
M. J. Aschwanden, R. W. Nightingale, and D. Alexander · 2000
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A twisted flux rope model for coronal mass ejections and two-ribbon flares
T. Amari, J. F. Luciani, Z. Mikić, and J. Linker · 2000
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Dynamical formation and stability of helical prominence magnetic fields
C. R. DeVore and S. K. Antiochos · 2000
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Simultaneous SOHO and ground-based observations of a large eruptive prominence and coronal mass ejection
S. P. Plunkett, A. Vourlidas, S. Šimberová, M. Karlický, P. Kotrč, P. Heinzel, Y. A. Kupryakov, W. P. Guo, and S. T. Wu · 2000
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Optimized magnetic reconnection solutions in three dimensions
I. J. D. Craig and P. G. Watson · 2000
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Time variability of the “quiet” Sun observed with TRACE. II. Physical parameters, temperature evolution, and energetics of extreme-ultraviolet nanoflares
M. J. Aschwanden, T. D. Tarbell, R. W. Nightingale, C. J. Schrijver, A. Title, C. C. Kankelborg, P. Martens, and H. P. Warren · 2000
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Magnetic helicity generation by solar differential rotation
C. R. DeVore · 2000
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Rate of helicity production by solar rotation
M. A. Berger and A. Ruzmaikin · 2000
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Improvement in the prediction of solar wind conditions using near-real time solar magnetic field updates
C. N. Arge and V. J. Pizzo · 2000
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The dynamical nature of coronal streamers
Y.-M. Wang, N. R. Sheeley, D. G. Socker, R. A. Howard, and N. B. Rich · 2000
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Global three-dimensional MHD simulation of a space weather event: CME formation, interplanetary propagation, and interaction with the magnetosphere
C. P. T. Groth, D. L. De Zeeuw, T. I. Gombosi, and K. G. Powell · 2000
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Imaging the magnetic topologies of cool active stars
J.-F. Donati · 2001
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On the formation of polar spots in Sun-like stars
C. J. Schrijver and A. M. Title · 2001
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Persistent solar influence on North Atlantic climate during the holocene
G. Bond, B. Kromer, J. Beer, R. Muscheler, M. N. Evans, W. Showers, S. Hoffmann, R. Lotti-Bond, I. Hajdas, and G. Bonani · 2001
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Presence of the solar de Vries cycle (˜205 years) during the last ice age
G. Wagner, J. Beer, J. Masarik, R. Muscheler, P. W. Kubik, W. Mende, C. Laj, G. M. Raisbeck, and F. Yiou · 2001
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Pre-main sequence dynamos and relic magnetic fields of solar-type stars
L. L. Kitchatinov, M. Jardine, and A. Collier Cameron · 2001
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On the transport of magnetic fields by solar-like stratified convection
S. B. F. Dorch and Å. Nordlund · 2001
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Nonlinear Growth of the Three-dimensional Undular Instability of a Horizontal Magnetic Layer and the Formation of Arching Flux Tubes
Y. Fan · 2001
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The Effects of Rotation on the Evolution of Rising Omega Loops in a Stratified Model Convection Zone
W. P. Abbett, G. H. Fisher, and Y. Fan · 2001
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Intensification of Magnetic Fields by Conversion of Potential Energy
M. Rempel and M. Schüssler · 2001
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Magnetoconvection and dynamo coefficients:. Dependence of the alpha effect on rotation and magnetic field
M. Ossendrijver, M. Stix, and A. Brandenburg · 2001
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The Inverse Cascade and Nonlinear Alpha-Effect in Simulations of Isotropic Helical Hydromagnetic Turbulence
A. Brandenburg · 2001
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Coronal mass ejections, magnetic flux ropes, and solar magnetism
B. C. Low · 2001
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Analysis of hydrodynamic stability of solar tachocline latitudinal differential rotation using a shallow-water model
M. Dikpati and P. A. Gilman · 2001
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Toward a mean field formulation of the Babcock-Leighton type solar dynamo. I. α \alpha -coefficient versus Durney’s double-ring approach
D. Nandy and A. R. Choudhuri · 2001
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Circulation-dominated solar shell dynamo models with positive alpha-effect
M. Küker, G. Rüdiger, and M. Schultz · 2001
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Flux-transport dynamos with α \alpha -effect from global instability of tachocline differential rotation: A solution for magnetic parity selection in the Sun
M. Dikpati and P. A. Gilman · 2001
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Magnetic Fields Across the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
G. Mathys, S. K. Solanki, and D. T. Wickramasinghe, editors · 2001
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Optical tomography of a sunspot. II. Vector magnetic field and temperature stratification
C. Westendorp Plaza, J. C. del Toro Iniesta, B. Ruiz Cobo, V.M. Martínez Pillet, B. W. Lites, and A. Skumanich · 2001
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Optical tomography of a sunspot. III. Velocity stratification and the Evershed effect
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Investigation of mass flows beneath a sunspot by time-distance helioseismology
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Sunspot bright rings: Evidence from case studies
M. P. Rast, R. W. Meisner, B. W. Lites, P. A. Fox, and O. R. White · 2001
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Empirical models of solar magnetic flux-tubes and their non-magnetic surroundings
C. Frutiger and S. K. Solanki · 2001
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A formation mechanism of magnetic elements in regions of mixed polarity
A. S. Gadun, S. K. Solanki, V. A. Sheminova, and S. R. O. Ploner · 2001
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Radiative properties of magnetic elements. I. Why are G-band bright points bright?
O. Steiner, P. H. Hauschildt, and J. Bruls · 2001
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G-band spectral synthesis in solar magnetic concentrations
J. Sánchez Almeida, A. Asensio Ramos, J. Trujillo Bueno, and J. Cernicharo · 2001
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Investigation of weak solar magnetic fields. New observational results for the Sr I 460.7 nm linear polarization and radiative transfer modeling
M. Faurobert, J. Arnaud, J. Vigneau, and H. Frisch · 2001
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The new solar corona
M. J. Aschwanden, A. I. Poland, and D. M. Rabin · 2001
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I. A. Belenko · 2001
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Observing coronal mass ejections without coronagraphs
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The topological behaviour of 3D null points in the Sun’s corona
D. S. Brown and E. R. Priest · 2001
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Modelling of EUV loops observed with TRACE. I. Hydrostatic solutions with nonuniform heating
M. J. Aschwanden, C. J. Schrijver, and D. Alexander · 2001
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Analysis of blinkers and EUV brightenings in the quiet Sun observed with CDS
A. Brković, S. K. Solanki, and I. Rüedi · 2001
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The solar-wind and heliospheric magnetic field in three dimensions
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The heliospheric field at solar maximum: Ulysses observations
A. Balogh and E. J. Smith · 2001
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A survey of field-aligned Mach number and plasma beta in the solar wind
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Origin of the Solar Wind: Theory
L. A. Fisk and N. A. Schwadron · 2001
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Corotating and transient structures in the heliosphere
R. J. Forsyth and J. T. Gosling · 2001
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Latitudinal variation of the underlying heliospheric magnetic field direction: comparisons of the Ulysses first and second orbits
R. J. Forsyth, A. Balogh, and E. J. Smith · 2001
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Heating of the low-latitude solar wind by dissipation of turbulent magnetic fluctuations
C. W. Smith, W. H. Matthaeus, G. P. Zank, N. F. Ness, S. Oughton, and J. D. Richardson · 2001
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Interaction of the local interstellar medium with the heliosphere: interior and exterior magnetic fields
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Two solar cycles of nonincreasing magnetic flux
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A New Component of Solar Dynamics: North-South Diverging Flows Migrating toward the Equator with an 11 Year Period
J. G. Beck, L. Gizon, and T. L. Duvall · 2002
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Helioseismic Measurement of Solar Torsional Oscillations
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Dynamo action by differential rotation in a stably stratified stellar interior
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Thermal properties of magnetic flux tubes. I. Solution of the diffusion problem
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Do dynamo-waves propagate along isorotation surfaces?
L. L. Kitchatinov · 2002
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Magnetoconvection and dynamo coefficients. II. Field-direction dependent pumping of magnetic field
M. Ossendrijver, M. Stix, A. Brandenburg, and G. Rüdiger · 2002
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The importance of physical structure in solar dynamo models
A. Phillips, J. Brooke, and D. Moss · 2002
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Magnetic helicity in stellar dynamos: new numerical experiments
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Dynamo action of magnetostrophics waves
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Sunspot photometry with phase diversity. II. Fine-structure characteristics
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Penumbral structure and kinematics from high-spatial-resolution observations of Ca II K
L. H. M. Rouppe van der Voort · 2002
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Spectropolarimetry in a sunspot penumbra. Spatial dependence of Stokes asymmetries in Fe I 1564.8 nm
R. Schlichenmaier and M. Collados · 2002
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Umbral and penumbral magnetoconvection
N. O. Weiss · 2002
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On the intensity contrast of solar photospheric faculae and network elements
A. Ortiz, S. K. Solanki, V. Domingo, M. Fligge, and B. Sanahuja · 2002
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Bulk heating and slender magnetic loops in the solar corona
B. V. Gudiksen and Å. Nordlund · 2002
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Excitation of transverse magnetic tube waves in stellar convection zones. II. Wave energy spectra and fluxes
Z. E. Musielak and P. Ulmschneider · 2002
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Acoustic and magnetic wave heating in stars . II. On the range of chromospheric activity
D. Fawzy, P. Ulmschneider, K. Stȩpień, Z. E. Musielak, and W. Rammacher · 2002
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Linear polarization of the O VI λ \lambda 1031.92 coronal line. II. Constraints on the magnetic field and the solar wind velocity field vectors in the coronal polar holes
N.-E. Raouafi, S. Sahal-Bréchot, and P. Lemaire · 2002
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Spectroscopic Detection of the 3.934 Micron Line of Si IX in the Solar Corona
P. G. Judge, S. Tomczyk, W. C. Livingston, C. U. Keller, and M. J. Penn · 2002
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Does the Sun Have a Full-Time COmosphere?
T. R. Ayres · 2002
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Sunspot activity and the long-term variation of the Sun’s open magnetic flux
Y.-M. Wang and N. R. Sheeley · 2002
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Properties of ultraviolet lines observed with the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS/SOHO) in coronal holes and the quiet Sun
K. Stucki, S. K. Solanki, C. D. Pike, U. Schühle, I. Rüedi, A. Pauluhn, and A. Brković · 2002
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Large-scale solar coronal structures in soft X-rays and their relationship to the magnetic Flux
E. E. Benevolenskaya, A. G. Kosovichev, J. R. Lemen, P. H. Scherrer, and G. L. Slater · 2002
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The Magnetic Helicity Budget of a CME-Prolific Active Region
L. M. Green, M. C. López Fuentes, C. H. Mandrini, P. Démoulin, L. Van Driel-Gesztelyi, and J. L. Culhane · 2002
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What is the source of the magnetic helicity shed by CMEs? The long-term helicity budget of AR 7978
P. Démoulin, C. H. Mandrini, L. van Driel-Gesztelyi, B. J. Thompson, S. Plunkett, Z. Kovári, G. Aulanier, and A. Young · 2002
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Global budget for an eruptive active region. I. Equilibrium reconstruction approach
A. Bleybel, T. Amari, L. van Driel-Gesztelyi, and K. D. Leka · 2002
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3D Coronal magnetic field from vector magnetograms: non-constant-alpha force-free configuration of the active region NOAA 8151
S. Régnier, T. Amari, and E. Kersalé · 2002
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Analytical approximations to hydrostatic solutions and scaling laws of coronal loops
M. J. Aschwanden and C. J. Schrijver · 2002
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Active-Region Filaments and X-ray Sigmoids
A. A. Pevtsov · 2002
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Magnetic Field Topology in Prominences
R. Lionello, Z. Mikić, J. A. Linker, and T. Amari · 2002
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A Three-dimensional Dynamical Model of Current Sheet Formation in a Coronal Loop
D. W. Longcope and A. A. Van Ballegooijen · 2002
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Magnetic topologies due to two bipolar regions
C. Beveridge, E. R. Priest, and D. S. Brown · 2002
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Energy Distribution of Microevents in the Quiet Solar Corona
A. O. Benz and S. Krucker · 2002
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Coronal loop oscillations. An interpretation in terms of resonant absorption of quasi-mode kink oscillations
M. Goossens, J. Andries, and M. J. Aschwanden · 2002
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Transverse oscillations in coronal loops observed with TRACE - I. An overview of events, movies, and a discussion of common properties and required conditions
C. J. Schrijver, M. J. Aschwanden, and A. M. Title · 2002
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The Magnetic Helicity Injected by Shearing Motions
P. Démoulin, C. H. Mandrini, L. Van Driel-Gesztelyi, M. C. Lopez Fuentes, and G. Aulanier · 2002
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Polarity reversal of the solar magnetic field during cycle 23
Y.-M. Wang, N. R. Sheeley, and M. D. Andrews · 2002
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Sunspot activity and the long-term variation of the Sun’s open magnetic flux
Y.-M. Wang and N. R. Sheeley · 2002
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The properties of small magnetic regions on the solar surface and the implications for the solar dynamo(s)
H. J. Hagenaar, C. J. Schrijver, and A. M. Title · 2003
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Origin of the torsional oscillation pattern of solar rotation
H. C. Spruit · 2003
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Millennium-Scale Sunspot Number Reconstruction: Evidence for an Unusually Active Sun since the 1940s
I. G. Usoskin, S. K. Solanki, M. Schüssler, K. Mursula, and K. Alanko · 2003
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Persistence of the Gleissberg 88-year solar cycle over the last ˜12,000years: Evidence from cosmogenic isotopes
A. N. Peristykh and P. E. Damon · 2003
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The Internal Rotation of the Sun
M. J. Thompson, J. Christensen-Dalsgaard, M. S. Miesch, and J. Toomre · 2003
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Box simulations of rotating magnetoconvection. Effects of penetration and turbulent pumping
U. Ziegler and G. Rüdiger · 2003
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Magnetic flux tubes and the dynamo problem
M. Schüssler and A. Ferriz-Mas · 2003
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On the Formation of Magnetic Structures by the Combined Action of Velocity Shear and Magnetic Buoyancy
K. S. Cline, N. H. Brummell, and F. Cattaneo · 2003
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The Dynamic Evolution of Twisted Magnetic Flux Tubes in a Three-dimensional Convecting Flow. I. Uniformly Buoyant Horizontal Tubes
Y. Fan, W. P. Abbett, and G. H. Fisher · 2003
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A new upper limit to the temporal variation of the rotation rate of the tachocline between 1994 and 2002
A. Eff-Darwich and S. G. Korzennik · 2003
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The solar dynamo
M. Ossendrijver · 2003
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Magnetic helicity evolution during the solar activity cycle: Observations and dynamo theory
N. Kleeorin, K. Kuzanyan, D. Moss, I. Rogachevskii, D. Sokoloff, and H. Zhang · 2003
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How magnetic helicity ejection helps large scale dynamos
A. Brandenburg, E. G. Blackman, and G. R. Sarson · 2003
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Physics of the solar cycle
G. Rüdiger and R. Arlt · 2003
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Dynamo Action Driven by Shear and Magnetic Buoyancy
K. S. Cline, N. H. Brummell, and F. Cattaneo · 2003
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Sunspots: An overview
S. K. Solanki · 2003
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Three dimensional structure of a regular sunspot from the inversion of IR Stokes profiles
S. K. Mathew, A. Lagg, S. K. Solanki, M. Collados, J. M. Borrero, S. Berdyugina, N. Krupp, J. Woch, and C. Frutiger · 2003
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Weak infrared molecular lines reveal rapid outflow in cool magnetic sunspot penumbral fibrils
M. J. Penn, W. D. Cao, S. R. Walton, G. A. Chapman, and W. Livingston · 2003
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Field-aligned Evershed flows in the photosphere of a sunspot penumbra
L. R. Bellot Rubio, H. Balthasar, M. Collados, and R. Schlichenmaier · 2003
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Spatial and temporal fluctuations in sunspots derived from MDI data
S. K. Solanki and I. Rüedi · 2003
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On the Interaction between Convection and Magnetic Fields
F. Cattaneo, T. Emonet, and N. Weiss · 2003
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On the heat transport in a sunspot penumbra
R. Schlichenmaier and S. K. Solanki · 2003
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Quiet-Sun inter-network magnetic fields observed in the infrared
E. V. Khomenko, M. Collados, S. K. Solanki, A. Lagg, and J. Trujillo Bueno · 2003
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Quiet-Sun magnetic fields at high spatial resolution
I. Domínguez Cerdeña, F. Kneer, and J. Sánchez Almeida · 2003
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Inter-network magnetic fields observed with sub-arcsec resolution
I. Domínguez Cerdeña, J. Sánchez Almeida, and F. Kneer · 2003
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Evidence of mesogranulation from magnetograms of the Sun
I. Domínguez Cerdeña · 2003
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The molecular Zeeman effect and diagnostics of solar and stellarmagnetic fields. II. Synthetic Stokes profiles in the Zeeman regime
S. V. Berdyugina, S. K. Solanki, and C. Frutiger · 2003
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Magnetoconvection and micropores
D. J. Bercik, A. Nordlund, and R. F. Stein · 2003
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Simulation of solar magneto-convection
A. Vögler, S. Shelyag, M. Schüssler, F. Cattaneo, Th. Emonet, and T. Linde · 2003
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Studying magneto-convection by numerical simulation
A. Vögler and M. Schüssler · 2003
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Why solar magnetic flux concentrations are bright in molecular bands
M. Schüssler, S. Shelyag, S. Berdyugina, A. Vögler, and S. K. Solanki · 2003
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Understanding internetwork magnetic fields as determined from visible and infrared spectral lines
L. R. Bellot Rubio and M. Collados · 2003
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Solar irradiance variations
C. Fröhlich · 2003
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Reconstruction of solar irradiance variations in cycle 23: Is solar surface magnetism the cause?
N. A. Krivova, S. K. Solanki, M. Fligge, and Y. C. Unruh · 2003
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Modeling solar irradiance variations through full-disk images and semi-empirical atmospheric models
I. Ermolli, B. Caccin, M. Centrone, and V. Penza · 2003
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Three-dimensional magnetic field topology in a region of solar coronal heating
S. K. Solanki, A. Lagg, J. Woch, N. Krupp, and M. Collados · 2003
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A fluid dynamics approach for the computation of non-linear force-free magnetic field
J.-Q. Li, J.-X. Wang, and W. Feng-Si · 2003
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Magnetic modeling and tomography: First steps towards a consistent reconstruction of the solar corona
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The Magnetic Connection between the Solar Photosphere and the Corona
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Observations of the Sun’s magnetic field during the recent solar maximum
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Hot coronal loop oscillations observed with SUMER: Examples and statistics
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The damping of slow MHD waves in solar coronal magnetic fields
I. De Moortel and A. W. Hood · 2003
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Magnetic Energy and Helicity Fluxes at the Photospheric Level
P. Démoulin and M. A. Berger · 2003
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Observations of magnetic helicity
L. van Driel-Gesztelyi, P. Démoulin, and C. H. Mandrini · 2003
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Magnetic twist and writhe of active regions: On the origin of deformed flux tubes
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Evolution of magnetic fields in corotating interaction regions from 1 to 95 AU: Order to chaos
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The global heliospheric magnetic field polarity distribution as seen at Ulysses
G. H. Jones and A. Balogh · 2003
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The Sun and Heliosphere at Solar Maximum
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Open Magnetic Flux: Variation with Latitude and Solar Cycle
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Using an MHD simulation to interpret the global context of a coronal mass ejection observed by two spacecraft
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A Three-dimensional Model of the Solar Wind Incorporating Solar Magnetogram Observations
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Interstellar magnetic field effects on the termination shock, heliopause, and bow shock: Aligned MHD flow
R. Ratkiewicz and J. F. McKenzie · 2003
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Voyager 1 studies of the HMF to 81 AU during the ascending phase of solar cycle 23
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Turbulent Heating of the Distant Solar Wind by Interstellar Pickup Protons
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The dynamical heliosphere
G. P. Zank and H.-R. Müller · 2003
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Spot sizes on Sun-like stars
S. K. Solanki and Y. C. Unruh · 2004
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Evolution of the large-scale magnetic field on the solar surface: A parameter study
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Solar Irradiance Variability
C. Fröhlich · 2004
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Reconstruction of solar activity for the last millennium using 10
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Unusual activity of the Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years
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The Dynamic Evolution of Twisted Magnetic Flux Tubes in a Three-dimensional Convecting Flow. II. Turbulent Pumping and the Cohesion of Ω \Omega -Loops
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Overshoot at the base of the solar convection zone: a semianalytical approach
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Magnetic Fields in the Solar Convection Zone
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An extension of the Toroidal Theorem
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On the interaction between differential rotation and magnetic fields in the Sun
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Global-Scale Turbulent Convection and Magnetic Dynamo Action in the Solar Envelope
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Magnetic-Field Generation in Kolmogorov Turbulence
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Theoretical models of solar magnetic variability
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The effect of a meridional flow on Parker’s interface dynamo
K. Petrovay and A. Kerekes · 2004
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Intermittency and Phase Persistence in a Babcock-Leighton Model of the Solar Cycle
P. Charbonneau, G. Blais-Laurier, and C. St-Jean · 2004
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The Thermal and Magnetic Structure of Umbral Dots from the Inversion of High-Resolution Full Stokes Observations
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On the fine structure of sunspot penumbrae. I. A quantitative comparison of two semiempirical models with implications for the Evershed effect
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Thermal-magnetic relation in a sunspot and a map of its Wilson depression
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Solar magnetic elements at 0.1 arcsec resolution. General appearance and magnetic structure
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DOT tomography of the solar atmosphere. II. Reversed granulation in Ca II H
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Three-dimensional structure of the active region photosphere as revealed by high angular resolution
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On the Origin of Solar Faculae
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Observational manifestations of solar magnetoconvection: Center-to-limb variation
M. Carlsson, R. F. Stein, Å. Nordlund, and G. B. Scharmer · 2004
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G-band spectral synthesis and diagnostics of simulated solar magneto-convection
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Observational Evidence for Small-Scale Mixture of Weak and Strong Fields in the Quiet Sun
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Evidence for the Hanle effect in molecular lines
S. V. Berdyugina and D. M. Fluri · 2004
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A substantial amount of hidden magnetic energy in the quiet Sun
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Retrieval of the full magnetic vector with the He I multiplet at 1083 nm. Maps of an emerging flux region
A. Lagg, J. Woch, N. Krupp, and S. K. Solanki · 2004
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Similarities and Differences between Coronal Holes and the Quiet Sun: Are Loop Statistics the Key?
T. Wiegelmann and S. K. Solanki · 2004
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Coronal plasma flows and magnetic fields in solar active regions: Combined observations from SOHO and NSO/Kitt Peak
E. Marsch, T. Wiegelmann, and L. D. Xia · 2004
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Observational consequences of a magnetic flux rope emerging into the corona
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Energetic Implications of Transient Dynamic Events
A. R. Winebarger · 2004
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Damping of coronal loop oscillations: calculation of resonantly damped kink oscillations of one-dimensional nonuniform loops
T. Van Doorsselaere, J. Andries, S. Poedts, and M. Goossens · 2004
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Three-dimensional MHD simulation of a flux rope driven CME
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Diamagnetic effects of heliospheric Pick-up ions and magnetic fluxes in the outer heliosphere
H. J. Fahr and K. Scherer · 2004
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Starspots: A Key to the Stellar Dynamo
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The dynamo layer in solar-type stars
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Dynamo Models of the Solar Cycle
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Large-Scale Dynamics of the Convection Zone and Tachocline
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The Onset of a Small-Scale Turbulent Dynamo at Low Magnetic Prandtl Numbers
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Numerical Study of Dynamo Action at Low Magnetic Prandtl Numbers
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Strong mean field dynamos require supercritical helicity fluxes
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The Case for a Distributed Solar Dynamo Shaped by Near-Surface Shear
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Solar magnetic fields and the dynamo theory
M. Dikpati · 2005
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Fluctuations in Babcock-Leighton Dynamos. I. Period Doubling and Transition to Chaos
P. Charbonneau, C. St-Jean, and P. Zacharias · 2005
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Constraints on the Applicability of an Interface Dynamo to the Sun
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Stellar dynamos - theoretical aspects
W. Dobler · 2005
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On the size distribution of sunspot groups in the Greenwich sunspot record 1874-1976
I. Baumann and S. K. Solanki · 2005
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Some properties of an isolated sunspot
H. Balthasar and M. Collados · 2005
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Inclination of magnetic fields and flows in sunspot penumbrae
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On the fine structure of sunspot penumbrae. III. The vertical structure of penumbral filaments
J.-M. Borrero, S. K. Solanki, A. Lagg, H. Socas Navarro, and B. W. Lites · 2005
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Fine structure, magnetic field and heating of sunspot penumbrae
H. C. Spruit and G. B. Scharmer · 2005
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Solar magnetic elements at 0.1 arcsec resolution. II. Dynamical evolution
L. H. M. Rouppe van der Voort, V. H. Hansteen, M. Carlsson, A. Fossum, E. Marthinussen, M. J. van Noort, and T. E. Berger · 2005
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Solar limb faculae
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Radiative properties of magnetic elements. II. Center to limb variation of the appearance of photospheric faculae
O. Steiner · 2005
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Simulations of magneto-convection in the solar photosphere. Equations, methods, and results of the MURaM code
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Magnetic flux in the internetwork quiet Sun
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Comparing magnetic field extrapolations with measurements of magnetic loops
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Crossing the termination shock into the heliosheath: magnetic fields
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