2010

Cosmological Non-Linearities as an Effective Fluid

Baumann, Daniel, Nicolis, Alberto, Senatore, Leonardo et al.

Understand

The universe is smooth on large scales but very inhomogeneous on small scales.

Why is the spacetime on large scales modeled to a good approximation by the Friedmann equations? Are we sure that small-scale non-linearities do not induce a large backreaction? Related to this, what is the effective theory that describes the universe on large scales? In this paper we make progress in addressing these questions.
We show that the effective theory for the long-wavelength universe behaves as a viscous fluid coupled to gravity: integrating out short-wavelength perturbations renormalizes the homogeneous background and introduces dissipative dynamics into the evolution of long-wavelength perturbations.
The effective fluid has small perturbations and is characterized by a few parameters like an equation of state, a sound speed and a viscosity parameter.

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