The Coexistence of Classical Bulges, Pseudobulges, and Supermassive Black Holes

Understand

Some S0 and early-type spiral galaxies possess "composite bulges"; in these galaxies, the photometric bulge -- the central stellar light in excess of the disk light -- is composed of both a "(disky) pseudobulge", with a flattened, disklike morphology and relatively cool stellar kinematics, and a rounder, kinematically hot "classical bulge" embedded within.

• I speculate that supermassive black holes (SMBH) in such galaxies may correlate with the classical-bulge component only, and not with the pseudobulge component; preliminary comparisons with SMBH masses appear to support this hypothesis.