Impact of Quarks and Pions on Dynamics and Neutrino Signal of Black Hole Formation in Non-rotating Stellar Core Collapse

Understand

In the formation process of black holes, the density and temperature of matter become sufficiently high for quarks and pions to appear.

• In this study we numerically investigate stellar core collapse and black hole formation taking into account the equations of state involving quarks and/or pions.
• In our simulations, we utilize a code that solves the general relativistic hydrodynamics and neutrino transfer equations simultaneously, treating neutrino reactions in detail under spherical symmetry.
• Initial models with three different masses, namely, 40, 100 and 375Msolar, are adopted.