The 3-3-1 model with A_4 flavor symmetry

Understand

We argue that the A_4 symmetry as required by three flavors of fermions may well-embed in the SU(3)_C X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X gauge model.

• The new neutral fermion singlets as introduced in a canonical seesaw mechanism can be combined with the standard model lepton doublets to perform SU(3)_L triplets.
• Various leptoscalar multiplets such as singlets, doublets, and triplets as played in the models of A_4 are unified in single SU(3)_L antisextets.
• As a result, naturally light neutrinos with various kinds of mass hierarchies are obtained as a combination of type I and type II seesaw contributions.