2010

On the Origin of Gravity and the Laws of Newton

Verlinde, Erik P.

Understand

Starting from first principles and general assumptions Newton's law of gravitation is shown to arise naturally and unavoidably in a theory in which space is emergent through a holographic scenario.

  • Gravity is explained as an entropic force caused by changes in the information associated with the positions of material bodies.
  • A relativistic generalization of the presented arguments directly leads to the Einstein equations.
  • When space is emergent even Newton's law of inertia needs to be explained.

Built on

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    1973

    Earlier work this paper cites.

  • J. M. Bardeen, B. Carter and S. W. Hawking, “The Four laws of black hole mechanics,” Commun. Math. Phys. 31

    1973

    Earlier work this paper cites.

  • S . W. Hawking , “Particle Creation By Black Holes,” Commun Math. Phys. 43, 199-220, (1975)

    1975

    Earlier work this paper cites.

  • P. C. W. Davies, ”Scalar particle production in Schwarzschild and Rindler metrics,” J. Phys. A 8, 609 (1975)

    1975

    Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

  • W. G. Unruh, “Notes on black hole evaporation,” Phys. Rev. D 14

    1976

    Cited alongside, same era.

  • J. D. Bekenstein, “A Universal Upper Bound On The Entropy To Energy Ratio For Bounded Systems,” Phys. Rev. D 23

    1981

    Cited alongside, same era.

  • T. Damour, ”Surface effects in black hole physics, in Proceedings of the Second Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity”, Ed. R. Ruffini, North Holland, p. 587, 1982

    1982

    Cited alongside, same era.

  • R. M. Wald, ”General Relativity,” The University of Chicago Press, 1984

    1984

    Cited alongside, same era.

  • G. ’t Hooft, “Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity,” arXiv:gr-qc/9310026

    Cited in the paper.

  • L. Susskind, “The anthropic landscape of string theory,” arXiv:hep-th/0302219

    Cited in the paper.

  • T. Padmanabhan, “Thermodynamical Aspects of Gravity: New insights,” arXiv:0911.5004 [gr-qc], and references therein

    Original

    Cited in the paper.

Then

  • R. M. Wald, “Black hole entropy is the Noether charge,” Phys. Rev. D 48

    1993

    Later among the works it cites.

  • T. Jacobson, “Thermodynamics of space-time: The Einstein equation of state,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 75

    1995

    Later among the works it cites.

  • L. Susskind, “The World As A Hologram,” J. Math. Phys. 36

    1995

    Later among the works it cites.

  • J. M. Maldacena, “The large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity,” Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2

    1999

    Later among the works it cites.

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