Quantum Tunneling and Unitarity Features of an S-matrix for Gravitational Collapse

Understand

Starting from the semiclassical reduced-action approach to transplanckian scattering by Amati, Veneziano and one of us and from our previous quantum extension of that model, we investigate the S-matrix expression for inelastic processes by extending to this case the tunneling features previously found in the region of classical gravitational collapse.

• The resulting model exhibits some non-unitary S-matrix eigenvalues for impact parameters b < b_c, a critical value of the order of the gravitational radius R = 2 G sqrt(s), thus showing that some (inelastic) unitarity defect is generally present, and can be studied quantitatively.
• We find that S-matrix unitarity for b < b_c is restored only if the rapidity phase-space parameter y is allowed to take values larger than the effective coupling G s / hbar itself.
• Some features of the resulting unitary model are discussed.