Understand
We discuss the characterization and stability of the Haldane phase in integer spin chains on the basis of simple, physical arguments.
- We find that an odd-$S$ Haldane phase is a topologically non-trivial phase which is protected by any one of the following three global symmetries: (i) the dihedral group of $\pi$-rotations about $x,y$ and $z$ axes; (ii) time-reversal symmetry $S^{x,y,z} \rightarrow - S^{x,y,z}$; (iii) link inversion symmetry (reflection about a bond center), consistently with previous results [Phys.
- Rev.
- B \textbf{81}, 064439 (2010)].
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